tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-57944488380606898572024-02-08T08:44:38.344-08:00Research paper writing helpMikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16501695489152827650noreply@blogger.comBlogger192125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5794448838060689857.post-77879333234936099252020-08-25T18:13:00.001-07:002020-08-25T18:13:10.152-07:00Signal generators also know as function generator or test oscillator The WritePass JournalSignal generators likewise know as capacity generator or test oscillator Theoretical Signal generators additionally know as capacity generator or test oscillator ABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONà SIGNAL GENERATOR (Outline and types)ARBITRARY WAVEFORM GENERATORFUNCTION SIGNAL GENERATORDESIGN OF SIGNAL GENERATORSOPERATING PRINCIPLES OF SIGNAL GENERATORFUNCTIONS AND APPLICATIONSVERIFICATIONCHARACTERIZATIONSTRESS AND MARGING TESTINGCONCLUSIONREFERENCESRelated Conceptual Signal generators likewise know as capacity generator or test oscillator, have come to be progressively well known and most utilized testing gadget for the architects particularly and furthermore for the clinical segment. Signal generator conveys a precise adjusted range. It gives a sign that can be balanced by the recurrence, yield voltage, impendence, waveform and balance. It has been in presence and they are utilized from various perspectives before time till present. An American designer Nikola Tesla has passed on power starting with one area then onto the next as sign and uses a similar recurrence. This report discusses the diagram of a sign generator, how they do work utilizing their applications and furthermore portray to us their working standards utilizing the direct advanced union DDS, their sorts and plans. The Next page gives you a concise presentation about the beginning of sign generator and how they are been utilized back then. Presentation Before the Initiation of this gadget called signal generator which is around 1906 to 1920 are respected to be the beginning of radio, the main path for testing of new mechanical assembly or electronic instrument was to utilize another comparative gadget to make the sign, which was the situation of new apparatuses and tweak group in radio. During that time, this essential technique for testing worked magnificently with least rate mistakes, however issue emerges when there is a situation whereby they may be various gadgets under test. To tackle this issue, there must be requirement for such huge numbers of reference gadgets. One radioââ¬â¢s was picked which was utilized as a presentation boundary and was estimated which was currently utilized as the norm or ââ¬Å"golden radioâ⬠as it has been called. Regardless of whether they are costly, à a ordinary change in their working highlights either during a brief timeframe because of heating up or during quite a while as an impact of proceeded with use, and thus their will be decrease in their precision. The requirement for signal generator that can adequately used to test gadgets as the field of architects must be to decrease this stream. Be that as it may, we will clarify the gadget ââ¬Å"signal generatorâ⬠in this report and furthermore we will examine about the working standards, and furthermore the things I have as of now notice in the theoretical region. In this next page, we will be taking a gander at the outline of this gadget signal generator. à SIGNAL GENERATOR (Outline and types) A sign generator likewise called a capacity generator or a book signal generator is an electronic gadget intended to play out an assortment of activities which incorporates band pass channel attributes, the reaction of enhancers to recurrence or shortcoming following in numerous electronic gear and circuits. ââ¬Å"Signal generator is an apparatus generally utilized in fields, for example, modern electronic instrumentation, medication, creation, correspondence and researchâ⬠, (Alloca and Stuart, 1983). A sign generator is the boost source that sets with an obtaining instrument to make the two components of a total estimation arrangement. In its different arrangements, signal generator can give improvement flags as simple waveforms, computerized information designs, tweak, clamor and it might include known, repeatable sum and kinds of mistake (twisting) to the sign it conveys. Signal generator can create the most sorts of waveforms or sign which are square waves, sine waves and triangular waves over a wide scope of recurrence. Coombs, (1972) pronounces that the recurrence scope of a sign generator perhaps under 1Hzto at any rate 1MHz. Some other sort of sign generators, can deliver heartbeat, trapezoid and slope waveforms including the ones notice above. In this way, there are numerous kinds of sign generator intended to an assortment of employments which has a lot of conceivable application implying that one specific sort of sign generator may not be reasonable for all reasons. Here are the two principle sort of sign generator Self-assertive waveform generator Capacity signal generator The following is an image case of a common capacity generator: Self-assertive WAVEFORM GENERATOR Self-assertive waveform generators (AWG) are confused playback framework that conveys waveforms dependent on put away advanced information that depicts the normally changing voltage levels of an AC signal. The subjective waveform generator can deliver any sort of waveform you can consider. You can utilize numerous techniques to make the required yield (from numerical formulae to drawing the waveform). Capacity SIGNAL GENERATOR Capacity generators are progressively straightforward contrast with subjective waveform generator. They create straightforward sign in wave structure and this signs are been produce by a circuit which makes the rehashing wave which is generally a sine wave. They are regularly use in procedure of planning or fix simples hardware. Plan OF SIGNAL GENERATORS Before the cutting edge waveform generators were started, simple was the method of activity. In certain enterprises, simple alludes both to the circuit strategy used to create signals and to the sign themselves. Usefulness, financial achievable, and sorts of waveform required have truly change the structure of sign generator in time of times, despite the fact that the conventional simple sign generators despite everything exist till date. The simple is a way to speak to a material measure, for example a marker on a current meter (controller), by an amount whose estimation is known. Such estimations, don't generally give the exact aftereffect of a specific instrument or gadget under test, as they are inclined to having floats in their working parts. Most present day signal generators depend on the advanced advances, for example, the cutting edge work generators which utilizes an innovation known as Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS) which can give a wide scope of sign or waveform. The DDS gadget are increasingly similar to produce simple signs by means of making an advanced yield signal that is ceaselessly beat by a clock signal and finally making an interpretation of the computerized sign to shape a simple sign. The following is the trial chart of this procedure. The Method above, delineate that the information is provided into the 8bit counter which assess the contribution with a simple, (Q5 to Q0). The coordinating simple currently is been confirmed with a previously put away location which is the ROM (Read Only Memory) 256 x 8. As the counter cycles through the 256 distinct locations, which the ROM has for every simple, the ROM counter currently selects an advanced worth relating to that address which successively speaks to the information. This data is then handled and yields the 256 information focuses to the DAC (Digital to Analog Converter) which is the 8bit converter. The simple sign acquire is then appeared as a waveform. A case of a generator that utilizes this strategy delineated above is the 20MHz range work generator from BK Precision (model 4040DDS) picture is demonstrated as follows. As indicated by BK Precision (2010), this compass generator is a full included DDS generator, the unit produce great quality waveforms with a high sign accuracy and soundness and it gives sine and square wave yields over the recurrence go from 0.1Hz to 20 MHz in one broadened extend. The greater part of the DDS generator today are devoted instrument, basic and agreeable, and are requiring little to no effort from a couple several dollars to many thousand of dollars. In the following area, we are going to take a gander at how this gadget works. Working PRINCIPLES OF SIGNAL GENERATOR In this 21st century, the greater part of the advanced capacity generators utilize Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS) innovation to create yield wave structures. BK Precision clear capacity generator (model 4040DDS) happens to be among one of this generators. This area depicts how DDS innovation functions. There are two basic thoughts of DDS innovation which incorporates: Creating a subjective waveform that can be in different waveforms or not allocated a specific incentive from an intermittent incline signals. Creating an advanced incline. To start with, consider creating wave work that can be in different waveforms or not relegated a specific incentive from an occasional incline signal. To make this clarification increasingly basic and reasonable, envision the slope time frame (t) is more prominent than or equivalent to 0s (t âⰠ¥ 0), at that point lets call the common incline work R(t) as appeared in the outline underneath. This incline work R(t) as appeared in figure 1 varies straightly or sway somewhere in the range of 0 and 1 with period T. Presently, assume their is another capacity F(t) that is characterized on the stretch 0âⰠ¤ t âⰠ¥1, in numerical phrasing, the area of the capacity which is the qualities doled out to the free factors of F(t) is the half-shut span. Envision to develop another wave capacity of period T which is like R(t) with the state of F(t) and accepting again that the period is 4s utilizing the outline appeared in figure 4, we will see that as the time increments from t0 to t4, which is equivalent to one period, there is a grouping which suggests that their will be a progressive ascent in the capacity until t4, subsequently computing the relating estimation of each time and evacuating its number piece. For example, tn=â â⬠. The count for t0 to t8 is appeared in the table underneath utilizing the figure 4 outline. The outline shows that there is an ascent in the time esteem, as in when one period is reach, it will begin once more until another period is reached. This is the means by which it works persistently for the characterized time span. This implies it resets Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16501695489152827650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5794448838060689857.post-59296859784719557942020-08-22T05:22:00.001-07:002020-08-22T05:22:42.308-07:00Threatening Forces Free EssaysUndermining powers are wherever we look throughout everyday life. Nearly anything could be viewed as a danger in today s society. The sonnet by James Joyce, I hear an Army Charging Upon the Land, contains proof of an undermining power. We will compose a custom article test on Undermining Forces or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now The undermining power in this sonnet is underground rock kids at an underground rock appear. Undermining powers are exceptionally obvious in this sonnet. A prime case of one is the point at which he says Arrogant, in dark covering. He is discussing kids in calfskin coats. It is there method of demonstrating they are punk and it looks undermining. Seeing individuals in calfskin coats is unnerving, particularly when society has prepared us to imagine that dark is an indication of. We have been prepared to believe that anything that stands apart is terrifying and individuals in dark calfskin coats stand out in contrast to everything else. Clearly, when James Joyce says in dark protective layer, it is a compromising power of underground rock. Underground rock is a firm subject of this sonnet should be threatening. This is built up when it says, Clanging, Clanging upon the heart as upon an iron block. This is stating how he feels that the chains that the children wear are startling. He feels that the sound of their chains dangling together is scaring. At the point when individuals who wear chains run the frequently make a noisy clamor and on the off chance that you wear mutiple, which the vast majority do, it makes a very boisterous commotion which can be discouraging. Plainly, the sound of the chains thumping together is a compromising sound. The individuals who tune in to underground rock music are a reoccurring topic of hazard. The undermining power of underground rock is unrestrained when James Joyce says; They come out of the ocean and show yelling to the shore. This is discussing them after a show and how they are rambunctious. Them coming out of the ocean is the point at which they come out of the mosh pit, out of the ocean of individuals. After this they are frequently rambunctious with the little vitality they have left finished. They are talking boisterously in light of the fact that their hearing was simply impacted by the noisy music. Individuals who are in a great state of mind and acting somewhat unruly are frequently appeared to be perilous particularly in the event that they are hollering. Clearly, punks after a show are viewed as an undermining power to society. The sonnet, I Hear an Army Charging Upon the Land, is about the danger that underground rock as far as anyone knows puts on our general public. Society is tied to its conviction that anything diverse is undermining. Despite the fact that a large portion of these individuals are not in any way shape or form frightening. It is difficult to accept that, when the pioneers of society, similar to the police, are continually accusing the issue of for these sorts of individuals. Is underground rock actually a compromising power in the public arena or only a way that we have been programmed to fear change and distinction? Instructions to refer to Threatening Forces, Essay models Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16501695489152827650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5794448838060689857.post-65071856363205205572020-08-07T13:27:00.001-07:002020-08-07T13:27:02.867-07:00Should I Major in PsychologyShould I Major in Psychology Student Resources Print Should I Major in Psychology? Is Psychology the Right Choice for You? By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on August 16, 2019 David Schaffer / Getty Images More in Student Resources APA Style and Writing Study Guides and Tips Careers Psychology can be a great choice for many students, but there are a number of questions you should ask yourself before committing to earning a psychology degree. Not sure if psychology is the right choice for you? Take this quick quiz to help determine if you should major in psychology. 1. Do You Enjoy Taking Psychology Classes? YesNo This first one seems fairly obvious, but the first thing you need to consider is whether or not psychology is something you really love. As a psychology major, you will be taking a wide range of classes covering many different subjects including personality, development, research methods, and cognition. If the answer is a resounding yes, then majoring in psychology is definitely something you should consider. If you cannot answer yes to this question, then it might be time to start exploring some alternative subjects that might spark your interest more. 2. Do You Enjoy Helping People? YesNo Part of the reason that many people are drawn to psychology is the helping nature of the profession. While there are many different fields of psychology and not all of them deal directly with mental health, one of the major goals of psychology is to solve real-world problems and help people lead better lives. There are a number of growing psychology fields such as industrial-organizational psychology and engineering psychology that do not center directly on helping individuals, but clinical psychology remains the single largest subfield within psychology. If you do enjoy helping other people and assisting those who are dealing with psychology and emotional difficulties sounds like a rewarding career, then psychology might be right up your alley. If you really dislike the idea of working directly with people, you should certainly consider some other options before committing to a psychology major program. 3. Are You Planning to Go to Graduate School? YesNo While there are opportunities for those with a bachelors degree in psychology, they are far more limited. Those who go on to graduate school enjoy more career options, increased job demand, and higher pay. If you think that graduate school is something that you would like to pursue, then earning a psychology degree might be a great option for you. If you know for a fact that you do not want to earn a graduate degree, then you might be better off looking at degree options that provide more work opportunities at the bachelors level. 4. Are You Good At Coping With Stress? YesNo Psychology professions, particularly those in the mental health field, can be challenging, stressful, and emotionally draining at times. 5. Do You Enjoy Working With Other People YesNo Psychologists work with a range of people. This might include clients suffering from mental illness, family members of clients, and other people who make up the mental health treatment team including physicians, psychiatrists, social workers, and other psychologists. 6. Have You Considered Different Career Options Within Psychology? YesNo There are tons of career options within psychology. While students often spend a lot of time learning about psychology, they sometimes neglect to research the many different career paths that are available. Mental health professions such as clinical psychologists, counselors, and social workers are some of the more obvious choices, but there are also a lot of alternatives to think about ranging from forensic psychology to health psychology. Spend some time researching some of the many different psychology careers out there in order to determine what might interest you the most. 7. Do You Enjoy Research, Experiments, and Statistics? YesNo Psychology majors dont just study how people think and behave â" they also take a lot of classes in experimental methods and statistics. Even if you do not plan on working in a research-oriented career, it is important to gain a solid understanding of how statistics are used in psychology, how to conduct psychology research, and how to interpret the results of research studies. Your undergraduate psychology coursework will likely include several different classes focusing on statistics and research design. If this sounds like something you would enjoy, then psychology is probably a great choice for you. If, on the other hand, you really do not want to learn more about these topics, then it might be best to consider some other degree options. 8. Do You Enjoy Solving challenging Problems? YesNo Psychology professions can be rewarding and challenging. For example, those who work in mental health often have to deal with difficult situations involving clients, while those who work in other applied fields have to use their knowledge of psychology to develop real-world solutions to problems. Scoring Your Results Mostly Yess: Congratulations, majoring in psychology is probably an excellent choice for you! You most likely have a passion for the subject, you are thinking about graduate school, and are already exploring some of the many different career options that are out there. Just remember, you might have decided on a major but that doesnt mean that the research and decision-making process is over. As you progress further in school, you still need to figure out what your plans are after graduation, what kinds of psychology classes you need to take now, and how to gain further experience in your desired specialty area. 10 Psychology Courses Psych Majors Take Mostly Nos: Unfortunately, it looks like psychology might not be the best major for you. This doesnt mean that you should rule it out completely, but you might want to visit an academic advisor and spend some time considering other academic options. Related fields that might appeal to you include science-oriented careers such as biology or chemistry, health professions such as nursing or public health, and social science fields such as sociology and political science. A Word From Verywell Still not sure if psychology is the best choice for you? Then be sure to explore our wide range of resources below. You will find even more information on some of the questions you should ask yourself before you decide on a psychology major as well as a few of the great reasons to earn a psychology degree. Start by considering some of the factors you should thinking about before you decide to major in psychology. You can also explore options for college minors that work well with psychology. It can also be helpful to consider some of the great reasons why people to choose to earn a psychology degree in the first place. Finally, consider taking our brief psychology career quiz in order to get a better idea of which career might be the best fit for you. 10 Great Reasons to Earn a Psychology Degree Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16501695489152827650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5794448838060689857.post-61632306923263437562020-05-23T10:58:00.001-07:002020-05-23T10:58:05.079-07:00Romanticism in The Marriage of Heaven and Hell by William... Romanticism in William Blakes Poem William Blake was a poet, painter, and a printmaker all during the period in literature known as the Romantic time period. The Romantic time period, also known in Literature as Romanticism began in Europe, mainly France and Britain around the 1800s (Barker) and it was first defined as a tool to in literature and literary criticisms (Galitz). The Romantic period did not just focus on literature, but also on the subjects of art and knowledge which was fueled by the French Revolution and was also a reaction to the scientific rationalism and classicism of the Age of Enlightenment (Foundations of Romanticism). Romanticism emerged also as a response to the disillusionment with the Enlightenment valuesâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The theme of imagination was a critical authority in the Romantic time period as well (Characteristics of Romanticism). William Blake uses aspects of Romanticism in his poem The Marriage of Heaven and Hell, by including themes s uch as the supernatural, love of nature, and lastly, imagination. In the poem The Marriage of Heaven and Hell by William Blake, one of his most prominent and obvious themes of Romanticism is that of the supernatural. The word supernatural means attributed to some force beyond scientific understanding of the laws of nature (Merriam-Webster). The Marriage of Heaven and Hell was Blakes way of taking his emotions and painting us a picture but in a way that was made up, or imaginative. (Cuddon, Morner and Rausch). In Blakes poem The Marriage of Heaven and Hell there are examples of the supernatural theme present because of how he is comparing and contrasting both heaven and hell. Blake makes the Devil and evil seem very real in a very gothic and gory way, but he also does not fail to mention the importance of good in relation to God, also Blake mentions Angels in his poem too. Throughout the poem, there is a never-ending battle between dualism because Blake says that without good or evil , we are nothing. (Reflections on Great Literature). Having to do with the good and the bad, Romantics believed that humans were already naturally good (Characteristics of Romanticism). Blake assures that withoutShow MoreRelatedThe Marriage of Heaven and Hell Essay922 Words à |à 4 PagesThe Marriage of Heaven Hell William Blake The Romantic Period We, as members of the human race, have been endowed with five senses. We have the ability to reason and to be reasonable. We are able to present, receive, and mentally process information logically. The period in history when the importance of these innate functions was stressed is known as the Age of Reason, or the Enlightenment. Also important to this age was the use of science, scientific methods, and theories. This periodRead MoreRomanticism1649 Words à |à 7 PagesRomanticism in the Nineteenth Century The Romantic period followed the era of logical, philosophical, and social movement in the 17th to 18th century. However, as the 19th century began, Romanticism came into the light with a new perspective that intrigued the people. It stressed emphasis on emotions and imagination while also helping to realize the importance of self-expression. The American Romanticism movement illustrated inspiration, bias and predominance of individuals in the nineteenth centuryRead MoreWilliam Blake, the Most Romantic of Them All Essay474 Words à |à 2 PagesTo truly understand William Blake, there must be at least moderate explanation of the time in which he wrote. Blake was a literary figure at the turn of the 18th century, a very early Romantic, but most defiantly a Romantic. All of the common themes, visionary, fantastic images, emphasis on the individual self, the common man, the notion of the sublime( a thrilling emotional experience that combines awe, magnificence and horror), Pantheism . 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In this time of reflection and change, authors re-examined the previously discarded medieval romances Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16501695489152827650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5794448838060689857.post-72991032016028618462020-05-12T05:30:00.001-07:002020-05-12T05:30:03.878-07:00A Research Lab On The Workplace - 1617 Words In the workplace, many people will come into contact with clients, colleagues, supervisors, managers, and even board members. These individuals each play a crucial role in order for an organization to succeed. Therefore, it is vital that this large network of people is able to work well together in teams and groups. However, there will be complications and problems when working in groups. A common problem that typically arises in the workplace is the perceived lack of commitment and motivation, resulting in the lack of productivity when conducting group work. From my personal experience, I used to work for a research lab that required to me to work on several experiments and projects with a group of colleagues. My group was responsible for conducting multiple experiments, analyzing the data and publishing results in scientific journals and presentations. However, the group I was placed in lacked leadership with low person orientation and low task orientation. Because there was a lack of leadership, communication was little to nonexistent within the group so groups felt as if they were just independent work alone. Also, there was lack of affective and continuance commitment within the group since my colleagues and I lost purpose of what goals we were working towards in the lab. Therefore, lack of motivation and commitment was prevalent as group members, including myself, did not complete experiments in time and did not have much of a focus of why we were in the research labShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Occupational Health And Safety At The Workplace1384 Words à |à 6 Pagesassuring the safety and welfare of their employees. The purpose of my research paper is to emphasize on the importance of Occupational Health and Safety at the workplace. About 4/5th of the employed workforce considers health and safety as the number one priority related to their job when compared to wages, sick leaves and other benefits. I will use my internship experience at Halliburton this past summer to lay the foundation of my research paper. 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My research project will go into depth discussing the psychological effects clothing has on an individual from establishing boundaries in the workforce, enhancing cognitive skill, and influencing personal identity. Business attire in the workforce builds aRead MoreThe Effects Of Occupational Safety And Dictate Human Performance Within A Work Environment1246 Words à |à 5 Pagespush for more, the curiosity for research that tremors off my bones, and the substantial amount of research experience that I have acquired thus far, will give me the appropriate qualifications to flourish through graduate school and become a top Ph.D. level researcher. One of the best decisions I made was applying for the Undergraduate Research Assistant Program at Old Dominion University. As a Research Assistant in Dr. Xiaoxiao Huââ¬â¢s Affect and Relational Dynamics Lab, I enriched myself with continuouslyRead MoreSexism As A Scientist Or Engineer886 Words à |à 4 Pagesthe lab. In the past of my experiences with my brother, I went to visit his college called California State University, Fresno or Fresno State for short. I used my experience in this essay because it is related to my job position and the case that I will explain henceforth in this essay. I entered Fresno State to explore several buildings on campus. The first building I went into is College of Science and Mathematics. As you see, I love to learn about microorganisms, so I went to see the lab. As Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16501695489152827650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5794448838060689857.post-25674159944289527462020-05-06T11:53:00.001-07:002020-05-06T11:53:25.610-07:00Thomas Paineââ¬â¢s Common Sense Free Essays Thomas Paine is one of the important founding fathers of America who with his powerful language won over the hearts of the Americans. Thus he united America to rebel against the greatest super power in the world at the time ââ¬â England. Thomas Paine came to America from Britain at just the right time because he would see the condition of America and with the power of his words he would subdue the public in believing in his cause. We will write a custom essay sample on Thomas Paineââ¬â¢s Common Sense or any similar topic only for you Order Now He used propaganda to make the people see the horrors England was opposing on the Americans.He tamed the public into believing him with one of the most famous work of the Age of Reason era Common Sense. People were won to the necessity for common sense that argued for separation. The realization that this was necessary to improve the life of the lower class. Thomas Paine, when he called for separation said ââ¬Å" Everything that is right or reasonable pleads for separation. The blood of the slain, the weeping voice of nature cries, ââ¬â¢tis time to partâ⬠( Paine, Common Sense). In pennsylvania the common people seized control of the government, while greatly increasing their strength in the assemblies.These assemblies began telling their delegates in Congress to declare independence. Paine was a Deist who believed in God as a benevolent Creator who allowed the universe to operate by natural law. Paine argued that the New World was discovered shortly before the Reformation and the Puritans had believed that God wanted to give them a safe haven from the religious persecution they faced in Britain. Deism was not popular until the Revolution when Paine said it was natural to throw off the rule of King George III, and declare their independence.Paine appeals to the public with his vast knowledge in Common Sense. In his pamphlet he emphasizes many points. First, Paine felt is was wrong for an island to rule a continent. He said America was not a ââ¬Å"British nationâ⬠as it was composed of influences and peoples from all of Europe. Paine was a master mind who knew how to pull the strings when he says, Even if Britain was the ââ¬Å"mother countryâ⬠of America, Paine thought that made the actions of the British government against the colonists all the more wrong as no mother would harm her children in the way Britain was harming America.He made the Americans emotional because the were tired of getting taxed heavily from Britain. He said Britain ruled the colonies for its own benefit, and did not consider the best interests of the colonists. This was because the taxes were increasing without the consent of America and the public was fed up with it. Thomas Paine was so well received in America was because not only did he talk but he also proved it by his actions. Paine joined the revolutionary forces convinced that ââ¬Å" those who expect to reap the blessings of freedom mustâ⬠¦ undergo the fatigue of supporting itâ⬠( Paine 67).He would rally the troops and George Washington even had some of his quotes read to all the soldiers. One of his most famous quotes was ââ¬Å"These are the times that try menââ¬â¢s souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of his country, but he that stands it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman. Tyrannyâ⬠¦ is not easily conquered, yet we have this consolation with us, that the harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph. â⬠( Paine, The crises).This shows People that fight our wars over the years have suffered during battle and then suffer it over and over again throughout their lives. The longer you are in battle the more difficult it becomes to fight. That is why now they rotate troops so that one person isnââ¬â¢t in the thick of it for a very long time. A summer soldier would be a person that has fought but for a short time(a summertime) and is ready to quit and a sunshine patriot is a person that is patriotic only when times are good(the sunshine is out).Paine says these are times that try menââ¬â¢s souls. So it is a very hard time and he says that those that stay and fight deserves the thanks of every person they are fighting for. Paine says tyranny is not easily conquered so they fight the good fight to rid the colonists from the tyranny of England. And the consolation or comfort one should get from the how hard the conflict is that the harder it is the better the victory will be. . . freedom will be glorious. Paine was a liberal and believed that the government which governs less is the best form of government.Paine summarized in common sense that the distance between the two nations made governing the colonies from London unworkable. Paine observed that if some wrong were to be petitioned in Parliament, it would take a year before the colonies received a response. This would not work and America would need to set up its own government to earn itself an identity. Paine believed in a government who would interfere as less as possible and let nature run its course. All in all the Pamphlet written by Paine had an enormous impact on entire America. The things he stated in his pamphlet were reasonable and that got thorough the people.It made people become conscious that America has to be free from the shackles of British Empire and gain respect around the worldââ¬âan identity of itââ¬â¢s own. Paine gives the text an emotional tone alongside numerous logical reasons and narrations the people of America would never forget. The best part of the text was the use of familiar language comprehended by everyone, which helped his work spread around the colonies far away. The straightforward style and tone used by Paine made his pamphlet one of the finest written pamphlets in the world. It is justified in being named ââ¬Å"Common Senseâ⬠. How to cite Thomas Paineââ¬â¢s Common Sense, Papers Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16501695489152827650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5794448838060689857.post-85086163745778874232020-05-01T15:25:00.001-07:002020-05-01T15:25:03.203-07:00Case Study â⬠Starbucks - Business Improvement Portfolio Question: Describe about business improvement portfolio - a case of starbucks? Answer: Introduction Starbucks Coffee is the leading American beverage supplier originally based in Seattle, USA. It is ranked as the largest coffee supplier specializing in supplying fine quality coffee in an economically sustainable environment. Starbucks dominates the industry with a market share of around 36.7% followed by Dunkin Brands Inc with around 24.6% market share and 38.7% occupied by other brands together like Costa Coffee, Tim Hortons and McDonalds. According to Biviji (2010) a particular organization adopts business improvement initiatives in order to increase the productivity in a cost effective manner. According to the British Quality Foundation, the most effective approaches that the organizations adopt are Lean six- sigma, business process reengineering and Benchmarking. From 2001 to 2008, Starbucks experienced a slowdown in the sales rate, a decline in the customer loyalty levels and customer footfalls and problems related to overstocking of products. To improve the conditions, to manage inventory costs and to devise customer-focused strategies, Starbucks decided to adopt lean six-sigma model within their working procedure. The management at Starbucks focused on the fact that use of lean six-sigma will effectively help Starbucks to create a customer service consistency and help increasing the brand value of the products (Kalnins and Stroock, 2011). Theory analysis According to Caudwell (2011) Lean six-sigma is a collaborative model used by the organizations to improve performance by removal of unnecessary human wastes, reduce unnecessary time limits and control the resources flow. Augusto Cauchick Miguel and Marcos Andrietta (2010) suggested that adoption of lean technologies enables the organization in creation of high quality, defect free, and value added and cost effective products. Lean techniques are generally used by the automotive industries like Toyota for production of 100% error free products. The concept of Sis Sigma was developed by Motorola in 1986 to structure a highly disciplined program that will effectively deliver a perfect product. The six-sigma process is based on the following principles Continuous focus on the critical and quality requirements of Customers and stakeholders Understanding of the process requirements that will be able to deliver critical and quality requirements to the customers Extensive use of facts and statistical data to understand the problems Developing a flexible and detailed process Focus on continuous improvement of the process in a systematic way Figure1: Lean Six-sigma Process (Source: Zhang, 2011, pp105) The method is adopted by around 600 organizations all around the world. Brati (2011) suggested that following are the major benefits that provoke the organizations to adopt lean six- sigma. Reduction of defects: The use of lean six-sigma approach has helped the organizations to produce defect free products. For instance, Motorola in its six-sigma initiative have successfully reduced production defects by over 300 fold that has helped the company to save up to $11 billion as manufacturing costs (Clarkson and Eckert, 2005). Reduction of process time: Lean six-sigma aims to manage the time wastage in the production process for successfully reducing the lead-time. For instance, LG electronics a UK based company used lean six-sigma process in effectively reducing the lead-time from initial 56 days to 41 days. Further, the company improved the inventory control process by reducing inbound led time from 8 to 5 days. This helped LG to save interest charges and freights charges (Antony, 2007). Effective employee development: The process involves the employees in the improvement process that makes the employees responsible and accountable thereby building a sense of trust and transparency within the organization. With the help of six-sigma approach the project managers at Microsoft were able to attain six-sigma green belt certification which stated that the mangers at Microsoft were ready to face any challenging situation (Adebanjo, and Mann, 2008). Reduction in costs: Hu and Tian (2011) opined that reduction of lead time and reduction of waste in respect of human labor and production materials contributes to the cost savings of the organizations. The following table shows the annual savings that different companies have been able to make by using lean six-sigma. Name of the company Annual savings (approximate figures) General electric $ 2 billion JP Morgan Chase $ 1.5 billion Honeywell $ 650 million Texas Instruments $ 590 million Johnson and Johnson $ 500 million Improvement in customer value: The use of lean six-sigma by the automotive industries have helped the companies like Toyota, General Motors etc to successfully produce vehicles in accordance to the critical requirements of the customers, reduction of manufacturing defects at each stage of production and improving the safety factors within the finished vehicles (Krajewski, Ritzman and Malhotra, 2010). However apart from the following benefits, the process also encounters certain controversies that may contribute to the negative aspects of the process. Difficulty in implementation: Chua and Banerjee (2013) suggested that the mere concept of application of six-sigma in controlling all departments within an organization is a complex process hence large organizations like Tesco find it difficult to effectively manage all the divisions with the help of six-sigma strategies. Home Depot, a retail company, noticed negative atmosphere affecting the employee morale and customer sentiment due to stringent application of six-sigma in all departments. Although the implementation made the company profitable, however the company noticed reduction in the stock price (Basu, 2004). Financial constraint: The organization implementing six-sigma requires employees who are effectively trained from certified six sigma institutes. Hence, small or medium sized organizations are incapable of implementing six -sigma due to high employee cost. Not suitable for all companies: The application of lean six-sigma should be made based on the type of industry in which the company is operating. A drastic failure was noticed in 3M after the introduction of lean six-sigma (Dahm, 2011). Before the introduction of the process, the employees at 3M were given the opportunity to use 15% of the total working hour as personal research hours. This strategy was adopted to allow generation of innovative ideas among the employees that contributed in the productivity of the company. However, the introduction of rigid total quality management process created a stiff situation that restricted the growth of creative ideas within the organization (Vemic- Djurkovic and Maric, 2010). Case application Initial investments of Starbucks concerned investment in store infrastructure and launching of new products. According to Forbes analysis these investments and fast shop openings contributed to the superficial growth of Starbucks. The company however did not pay attention to the customer initiatives and maintenance of inventory and operating costs. Following are the major issues that the management at Starbucks required to solve in order to gain back the loyalty and save costs (Lagrosen, Chebl and Rios Tuesta, 2011). Improvements in employee productivity: Part time working students are the major employees of Starbucks so it becomes difficult for the company to provide quality services. Thus, Starbucks requires providing training tools for the increment in the productivity of the employees. Improvements in products and stores: Starbucks also need to improve their product line by introducing significant products that will match the critical demands of the customers. Moreover, the company needs to improve the store design so that the customers are more attracted and devise strategies for enhancements of Starbucks experience (George, 2010). Development of customer focused initiatives: The Company to increase the customer footfall needs to employ customer-focused initiatives like introduction of Starbucks loyalty card. Regenerating the brand value : The Company will have to restore the brand value by regaining the emotions of the customers concerning the brand (Cole, 2008). Considering the above issues that Starbucks need to resolve it can be suggested that adoption of lean will be effective. Use of lean will improve the productivity by providing better training tools to the inexperienced employees of Starbucks. The use of the Queuing theory approach within the store will help Starbucks to improve the store design and customer flow. The use of six-sigma approach will help Starbucks to reduce the lead time on the production of coffee and this will help Starbucks to spend more time in connecting with customers. Hence, the usage of the lean six sigma will help Starbucks to effectively reduce the defects rates and also eliminate the waste from the manufacturing process (Furst, 2010). The lean six- sigma process is implemented using five stages namely defining the process that needs to be improved, measure the current process performance, analyze the data ascertained from the measurement, improve the errors within the process and determine control methods in order to improve the process (Antony and Banuelas, 2002). Application of lean six-sigma in Starbucks Starbucks prices products that are costlier than other coffee brands however; the customer loyalty of Starbucks is a result of the high customer satisfaction and pleasurable experience that Starbucks offers (Marksberry, 2011). Define In this phase, the management at Starbucks will define the major issue that needs to be addressed. Here the major issue of Starbucks is to maintain a consistency in the customer experience. With the help of voice of the customer and critical to quality tools, the following elements of customer satisfaction may be identified. Voice of the customer Critical to quality High coffee quality Fast table service Friendly and congenial environment Variety of coffee flavors Avoidance of store smell Avoidance of kitchen noise Soothing store interior colors Comfortable seating arrangements with corner shacks Measure The main objective of this stage in lean six-sigma is to set guidelines for the improvement of the production process. In Starbucks, the measurable factor is customer experience and the organization needs to set guidelines for improvement of the customer experience. Following are the measures that should be taken by the organization (Snee, 2010). Line queuing: The cost of waiting in a line is reduced with the help of effective line queuing methods (Dumitru, 2011). There are four types of waiting line models and Starbucks uses the multi line method for fast and reliable service and thereby can reduce the waiting time of the customer and increase the customer experience. Starbucks has increased the customer ordering process with the help of queuing method. Figure 2 : Proposed Customer ordering process in Starbucks (Source: Tata and Jones, 2011, pp-92) Product quality: The various measurable factors of product quality of Starbucks are namely the product temperature, freshness and consistency in the taste and quality. In case of hot and cold coffee Starbucks can effectively use lean six-sigma to set the temperature level to acceptable upper and lower limits as determined by the Health and Safety regulations in order to provide satisfying customer experience (Martinez and Gitlow, 2011). The product freshness of the coffee and the other food products of Starbucks should be measured by a focus group survey. The freshness of a product depends on the storage life of the product. Starbucks uses an aseptic bottling process where they sanitize the bottle and frees from bacteria so that the coffee products can be stored for a longer period along with taste, smell, texture and flavor. The use of this bottling process has helped Starbucks in gaining customer satisfaction and increase the carry to home service. For maintaining product consistency Starbucks has to maintain coffee texture, consistent preparation method for coffee, coffee flavor mixture, serving temperature and coffee presentation. Shop atmosphere: Comfortable and creative shop atmosphere will also contribute to increase the customer experience in Starbucks. Lena six-sigma identifies the major desirable atmospheric factors namely soothing interior colors, Dim lighting, corner seats, kiosks, room temperature air conditioners and light music. With the help of customer psychological studies and focus group interviews Starbucks will be able to ascertain the factors that needs to be improved to improve the customer experience (Nicoletti, 2013). The psychological study conducted by Starbucks has revealed that adoption of green color in the logo of the company generates a positive sign in the customer experience. The customers perceive the sign as environmental sustainability and the color revive them of stress. Analysis The main purpose of this stage is to determine the major causes of the problems and eliminate the causes to improve the process. By using the lean six-sigma, Starbucks tried to determine the standard product quality elements and standard atmospheric elements that needs to be improved in order to improve the customer experience. Product quality factors Atmosphere quality factors 20 minutes time duration in order line queuing resulting in high waiting time and wastage of time in line queuing 50 watt lighting generates reading problems for customers Slow order completion process Average service time per customer is 25 minutes Use of bulb lighting creates loud environment Hot Coffee served remains hot for only 1 minute suggesting low temperature levels Use of wooden chairs and no sofa or couch available Changes to be made in flavors of Frappucino and Mocha (Paryani, 2012) Brown color in the logo suggests strength and conventionality and prevents uniqueness and connectivity Improve This stage evolves solutions to the problems. The focus is on the most innovative, easy and improved solution. By using the lean six-sigma process Starbucks has implemented the following improvements in order to enhance customer experience. Adoption of multiple line method to decrease the waiting time from 20 minutes to 5 minutes (Eroglu and Hofer, 2011) The coffee served is preserved at an average temperature of around 190F +/- 10F to ensure hotness of the coffee for around 15 to 20 minutes after it has been served The other eatable products should be packaged with a storage life of maximum 3 days to maintain the freshness of the products Starbucks should use florescent tubes of 500 watts in order to create a soothing internal atmosphere (Salah, Rahim and Carretero, 2010). Store interiors should be decorated with couches and sofas, inclusion of wifis, readable lamps on the top of corner seats and should use light shades for the interior colors Control This stage will devise monitoring steps in order to control the success of the implemented steps. Starbucks implemented the following control methods in order to control the customer experience process. Opening of more counters and employee more kitchen staffs in order to reduce waiting time (Ray and Das, 2010) The use of Bunn coffee machine to keep the coffee hot at the time of serving Using First in first out method to clear stock inventory of eatables like Blueberry muffin, Grilled cheese, egg salad sandwich so that freshness can be maintained Use of diagonal and aesthetic store layout and design evaluated by the retail store quality management team Constant upgrading of the color, interiors and store settings and size (Pezziardi, 2010) Conclusions and recommendations The assignment shows the application of the lean six-sigma methodology by Starbucks to increase the customer experience. However, the customers are of the opinion that although lean six-sigma has been successfully reduced the waiting time however, the staffs at Starbucks are in hurry to complete the order and hence are giving less time on customer service. Hence it can be recommended that Starbucks should adopt lean six-sigma however should not make stringent organizational policies that will hamper the process of customer satisfaction. Since Starbucks is a service industry hence fulfilling the gap between customer expectation and customer services should be removed effectively. Hence Starbucks should keep the qualitative aspects in the customer experience although if it adopts the lean six-sigma. Reference list Adebanjo, D., and Mann, R. (2008b). Sustainability of benchmarking networks: A case-based analysis.Total Quality Management Business Excellence, 19(12), 107122. Antony, J. (2007). Six Sigma: a strategy for supporting innovation in pursuit of business excellence. International Journal of Technology Management, 37(1-2), 8-12. Antony, J., and Banuelas, R. (2002). Key ingredients for the effective implementation of Six Sigma program. Measuring Business Excellence, 6(4), 20-27. Augusto Cauchick Miguel, P. and Marcos Andrietta, J. (2010). Outcomes from a descriptive survey of Six Sigma management practices in Brazil.Lean Six Sigma Journal, 1(4), pp.358-377. Basu, R. (2004). Six-Sigma to operational excellence: role of tools and techniques. International Journal of Six Sigma and Competitive Advantage, 1(1), 44-64. Biviji, Y. (2010).Evolving to Six Sigma quality. [S.l.]: Yusuf Biviji. Brati, D. (2011). Six Sigma: A Key Driver for Process Improvement.CIBIMA, pp.1-15. Caudwell, J. (2011). Starbucks in the Stacks.The Serials Librarian, 61(3-4), pp.321-322. Chua, A. and Banerjee, S. (2013). Customer knowledge management via social media: the case of Starbucks.Journal of Knowledge Management, 17(2), pp.237-249. Clarkson, J. and Eckert, C. (2005).Design process improvement. London [U.K.]: Springer. Cole, G. (2008). Grande Expectations: a Year in the Life of Starbucks' Stock20081Karen Blumenthal. Grande Expectations: a Year in the Life of Starbucks' Stock . Loughton: Piatkus 2007.Management Decision, 46(4), pp.673-675. Dahm, M. (2011). Mehr Effizienz mit Lean Six Sigma.Bankmagazin, 60(12), pp.28-30. Dumitru, (2011). Optimization of Coaching Using Six Sigma.Journal of Social Sciences, 7(3), pp.319-325. Eroglu, C. and Hofer, C. (2011). Lean, leaner, too lean? The inventory-performance link revisited.Journal of Operations Management, 29(4), pp.356-369. Furst, P. (2010). Lean Six Sigma innovative safety performance management.Injury Prevention, 16(Supplement 1), pp.A16-A16. George, M. (2010).The lean six sigma guide to doing more with less. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Hu, B. and Tian, Y. (2011). Six Sigma Applied in Inventory Management.AEF, 1, pp.355-359. Kalnins, A. and Stroock, L. (2011). Pouring Israel into a Starbucks Cup.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 52(2), pp.135-143. Krajewski, L., Ritzman, L. and Malhotra, M. (2010).Operations management. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Lagrosen, Y., Chebl, R. and Rios Tuesta, M. (2011). Organisational learning and Six Sigma deployment readiness evaluation: a case study.Lean Six Sigma Journal, 2(1), pp.23-40. Marksberry, P. (2011). The Toyota Way a quantitative approach.Lean Six Sigma Journal, 2(2), pp.132-150. Martinez, D. and Gitlow, H. (2011). Optimizing employee time in a purchasing department: a Six Sigma case study.Lean Six Sigma Journal, 2(2), pp.180-190. Nicoletti, B. (2013). Lean Six Sigma and digitize procurement.Lean Six Sigma Journal, 4(2), pp.184-203. Paryani, K. (2012). Product quality, service reliability and management of operations at Starbucks.International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology, 3(7). Pezziardi, P. (2010).Lean management. Paris: Eyrolles - Eà d. d'organisation. Ray, S. and Das, P. (2010). Six Sigma project selection methodology.Lean Six Sigma Journal, 1(4), pp.293-309. Salah, S., Rahim, A. and Carretero, J. (2010). The integration of Six Sigma and lean management.Lean Six Sigma Journal, 1(3), pp.249-274. Snee, R. (2010). Lean Six Sigma getting better all the time.Lean Six Sigma Journal, 1(1), pp.9-29. Tata, R. and Jones, G. (2011). Six Sigma culture as a management principle.Transfusion, 51(7pt2), pp.1604-1608. Vemic- Djurkovic, J. and Maric, R. (2010). The influence of human resource management on improvement of business ethics.Perspectives of Innovations, Economics and Business, pp.77-79. Zhang, X. (2011). Communicating Coffee Culture through the Big Screen: Starbucks in American Movies.Comparative American Studies, 9(1), pp.68-84. Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16501695489152827650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5794448838060689857.post-48704327442841200182020-03-21T23:51:00.001-07:002020-03-21T23:51:03.680-07:00The Name of the Rose Heresy, Inquisition, and Interrogation RepresentationMikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16501695489152827650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5794448838060689857.post-78391969410527441182020-03-05T14:17:00.001-08:002020-03-05T14:17:02.517-08:00galileo galilei essaysgalileo galilei essays Galileo Galilei was born near Pisa, Italy, on February 15, 1564 (Drake). Galileo was the first child of Vincezio Galiei, a merchant and a musician (Jaki 289). In 1574, Galileos family moved from Pisa to Florence, where Galileo started his formal education (Jaki 289). Seven years latter, in 1581, Galileo entered the University of Pisa as a medical student (Drake). In 1583, home on vacation from medical school, Galileo began to study mathematics and physical sciences (Jaki 289). A Family friend and professor at the Academy of Design, Ostilio Ricci, worked on translating some of Archimedes, which Galileo read and became interested in. This is where Galileo got his deep interest in Archimedes (Jaki 289). When returning to medical school, medical school became less appealing to Galileo, and his deep interests in Archimedes and mathematics drew him in, Galileo left without a degree in 1584 (Drake). Starting his studies, in 1585, in Aristotelian physics and cosmology, Galileo had to leave the University of Pisa before he got his degree, because of financial problems (Jaki 289). Going back to Florence, Galileo spent three unsuccessful years looking for a teaching position (Jaki 289). During this time Galileo was increasing his understanding of physics and mathematics. Also during this hard time Galileo wrote two discourses one about principles of balancing and the other about center of gravity of different solid objects (Jaki 289). These writings were circulated in manuscript form only, but they made Galileo well known in the scientific community. Galileo became renowned in 1588, when he gave a lecture at the Florentine Academy on the topography of Dantes Inferno, where he showed his extensive knowledge on mathematics and geometry (Jaki 289). In 1589, Galileos rising reputation as a mathematician and natural philosopher (physicist), earned him a teaching spot at the University of Pisa (Jaki 289). Galileo spent three y... Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16501695489152827650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5794448838060689857.post-88609354832423662352020-02-18T05:44:00.001-08:002020-02-18T05:44:04.454-08:00Religion Or Mythology In Greek Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsReligion Or Mythology In Greek Culture - Essay Example There are two main types of myths in Greek culture; the divine myths that deals with the gods, their origins as well as actions, and heroic myths that are based on human actions. From these myths, one can affirm that Greeks valued life. They also believed in living their life to the fullest since they disregarded death as part of life (Sailors 7). Greeks also value specific people in the society. This is evidenced by their carving of imperishable legends that did magnificent things while they were alive. In other words, they carved their legends as one way of pursuing fame. In connection with this, it is apparent that some of the Greek myths influenced the lifestyle of youths. The myths were models of human excellence, and as a result of this, Greek youths emulates them. Greeks greatly admire strength, beauty as well as intelligence. The value of these elements is evidenced by their myth that grants men the power of measuring all things. In tandem with this, it is the nature of the G reeks to have a man deciding on almost all things in life. In conclusion, religion and mythology play a significant role in the Greek society. Religion enabled Greeks to communicate their experiences despite being made up of different religious practices. Apart from acting as self-representation of the Greek community, Greek religion served as a unifying factor. Greek myths show that Greeks valued life as well as specific people in the society. The involvement of religion in everything done in Greece led to the unification of the Greekââ¬â¢s religious culture. Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16501695489152827650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5794448838060689857.post-86771608378682712692020-02-03T17:10:00.001-08:002020-02-03T17:10:03.234-08:00Respons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 wordsRespons - Essay Example I agree with the author because using phone while walking is dangerous as it distracts a person from external environment and causes accidents and even death. Many a times, people underestimate the negative consequences of using a cell phone while walking or driving. For instance, last week while I was walking along the side way, I saw a young man talking on the phone and crossing the road. In a second, I could here is scream as he was hit by a car and injured his leg. Here Matt Ritchell is right in focusing on multi ââ¬â tasking while on phone as it is a very dangerous act. The use of cell- phone can have many adverse effect including legal penalties .It is seen that many times children use cell phone at schools which can get them punishment. Last month, one of my neighborââ¬â¢s kid was thrown out of class due the use of cell phone during class hours. Even at work, excessive use of cell phone can result in harmful consequences. Few days back my friendââ¬â¢s brother was fired from work due to his excessive texting at work. In the article ââ¬Å"Behavior: Imitation of Film: Heres Smoking at You, Kidâ⬠Nicholas Bakalar claims of the imitation of smoking behavior in children due to watching smoking in movies. Generally children have a high tendency to imitate, and smoking is the most easily imitated behavior from movies. According to a study conducted with 6522 children nationwide it was revealed that children exposed to smoking in movies had two and half times chance to start smoking. I agree with the author here as it is a proven fact that children exposed to smoking through movies have a high tendency to end up as smokers in future. It is usually observed that parents and government authorities ignore the effect of smoking in movies on young children. When last time I visited movies, I have noticed bunch of young children smoking outside the theatre.It could be that these children were regular visitor to Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16501695489152827650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5794448838060689857.post-78379092141012190352020-01-26T13:33:00.001-08:002020-01-26T13:33:03.161-08:00Privacy Supportive Geo-Location Search SoftwarePrivacy Supportive Geo-Location Search Software Devika BV 1 Introduction 1.1 Purpose The purpose of this document is to present a detailed description of the Locating Service Similarity with Privacy using queries. It will explain the purpose and features of the system, the interfaces of the system, what the system will do, the constraints under which it must operate and how the system will react to external stimuli. 1.2 Document Conventions 1.3 Product Scope This web application is chosen for an academic study and implementation. Location-based applications utilize the positioning capabilities of a mobile device to determine the current location of a user, and customize query results to include neighboring points of interests. However, location knowledge is often perceived as personal information. One of the immediate issues hindering the wide acceptance of location-based applications is the lack of appropriate methodologies that offer fine grain privacy controls to a user without vastly affecting the usability of the service. In specific, the following are the contributions towards this project. A novel architecture for LBS applications that is directed towards revealing privacy/utility trade-offs to a user before an actual geo-tagged query is made. A proof-of-concept design for a privacy-supportive local search location based search. 1.4 References Exploiting Service Similarity for Privacy in Location Based Search Queries Qin Liu, Guojun Rinku Dewri, Member, IEEE, and Ramakrisha Thurimella IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS VOL:25 NO:2 YEAR 2014 ââ¬Å"Supporting Anonymous Location Queries in Mobile Environments with Privacy Grid,â⬠in Proceedings of the 17th International World Wide Web Conference,2008, pp. 237ââ¬â246. B. Bamba, L. Liu, P. Pesti, and T. Wang 2. Overall Description This section will give an overview of the whole system. The system will be explained in its context to show how the system interacts with other systems and introduce the basic functionality of it. It will also describe what type of stakeholders that will use the system and what functionality is available for each type. At last, the constraints and assumptions for the system will be presented. 2.1 Product Perspective To begin with, this is a very dynamic concept. Usability has a twofold meaning a) privacy controls should be intuitive yet flexible, and b) the intended purpose of an application is reasonably maintained It is worth mentioning that a separate line of research in analyzing anonymous location traces has revealed that user locations are heavily correlated, and knowing a few frequently visited locations can easily identify the user behind a certain trace. The privacy breach in these cases occurs because the location to identity mapping results in a violation of user anonymity. The system attempts to prevent the reverse mappingââ¬âfrom user identity to user locationââ¬âalbeit in a user-controllable manner. 2.2 Product Functions Mobile search is an evolving branch of information retrieval services that is centered on the convergence of mobile platforms and mobile phones, or that it can be used to tell information about something and other mobile devices. Web search engine ability in a mobile form allows users to find mobile content on websites which are available to mobile devices on mobile networks. The first module is to build a mobile search engine with ranking based approach to retrieve results with respect to the localized position of the user. Geo-tagging is a function, where devices can insert metadata with geographical information (coordinates) into a file such as photo, associating it with the geographic location it was taken at. In response to this first query phase, the user obtains a service-similarity profile. This profile is a representation of the similarities in the query output at different geographic locations. The exact form taken by this profile, as well as the data structures employed in computing this profile, may vary from application to application. A location movement engine on the user side then determines a noisy location to use based on the userââ¬â¢s privacy profile and the retrieved service-similarity profile. What is private and what is not private should be actually defined before the query has been raised, this helps the result set not to include those details that are private to the user and thus it would not be shared by the application. The service-contour inferencing is not just a collection of positions, but includes additional information about the businesses located at those positions such as names, addresses, categories, subcategories. Additionally, some specific values such as feedback score, the entire profile of the entity with personal information, so on and forth. The following could be the modules for this project: Login/Register module Search results by ranking module Similarity profiler service module Service-contour inferencing module 2.3 User Classes and Characteristics The user is expected to be Internet literate and be able to register/login and know how to search for information from the system. The user is expected to know how to provide information. The interface, however, provides easy access to all these, nonetheless, the user needs to know the basics to operate and get the best results. The user is expected to be Windows literate and to be able to use button, pull-down menus, and similar tools. There are two types of users who can interact with the system: 1. The registered users who will get access to information of the businesses for a specific location; 2. The business owners who may receive personal information regarding the user at a specific location. 2.4 Operating Environment The following Hardware configuration is expected to smoothly execute the project. Processor Pentium V or above Speed 2.1 GHz or above RAM 1 GB RAM Hard Disk 60 GB Key Board Standard Windows Keyboard Mouse Two or Three Button Mouse Monitor SVGA The following Software configuration is expected to smoothly execute the project. Operating System : Window 7 or above Language : C# (.NET Language) Front End : Visual Studio 2010 Database : SQL Server/Express Web Server :Internet Information Server (IIS 6.0) 2.5 Design and Implementation Constraints Since the application searches data from the database server, it is crucial that there is a good bandwidth/good system resource for the application to function. Data-base search can be laborious when we have larger-data to be executed. 2.6 Assumptions and Dependencies One assumption about the emulator product is that it will be always be used with internet connection, since it has to collect information about a random user moving from the APIââ¬â¢s. It is also assumed that the internet connection is stable during these transactions. If not high, a moderate speed is required to operate with the system. Another assumption is that since the APIââ¬â¢s are third-party services, this could go down or may not work as expected at times. However, it is assumed that the down-time may not be longer enough to disrupt the working of our emulators. 2.7 System Environment 3. External Interface Requirements This section provides a detailed description of all inputs into and outputs from the system. It also gives a description of the hardware, software and communication interfaces and provides basic prototypes of the user interface. 3.1 User Interfaces A first-time user of the mobile application should see the log-in page when user opens the application. If the user has not registered, they should be able to do that on the log-in page. Refer to Fig. 2. If the user is not a first-time user, they should be able to see the latitude and longitude information where the user is current located, see Figure 3. On selecting the user destination, the random movement is simulated and reported by the system. Fig. 2. Login Screen Fig. 3. Current Location Fig. 4. Random User Movement 3.2 Hardware Interfaces No external hardware devices are expected to be used in this project. A system with Windows Operating System running on it should be fine to run the web application. 3.3 Software Interfaces Windows Operating System (OS) XP or 7.0, SQL Server/Express will be used for the database storage. Multiple APIââ¬â¢s and JavaScriptââ¬â¢s would be used in this project. There may be some usage of the web services (as applicable). 3.4 Communications Interfaces The communication between the different parts of the system is important since they depend on each other. However, in what way the communication is achieved is not important for the system and is therefore handled by the underlying operating systems and the database for both the cloud and the web application. 4. System Features 4.1 Login/Registration Module The user should be able to register or login (if already a member) from the mobile emulator. The login/register module helps the user to locate his geo location and will be able to view the businesses/services surrounding the user. The system will also ensure that the privacy details of the user are shared only what is made ââ¬Å"Publicâ⬠or ââ¬Å"Privateâ⬠by the user. Modifications to this sensitive information are provided to the user by the system. 4.2 Search results by ranking module In general, a local search application provides information on local businesses, events, and/or friends, weighted by the location of the query issuer. Location and service accuracy trade-offs are clearly present in a local search LBS. A privacy-supportive variant is therefore well-suited for this application class. Local search results tend to cycle through periods of plateaus and minor changes as one moves away from a specified location. The plateaus provide avenues for relaxation in the location accuracy without affecting service accuracy, while the minor changes allow one to assess accuracy in a continuous manner. Given a search term (e.g. generic ones such as ââ¬Å"cafesâ⬠, and targeted ones such as ââ¬Å"starbucks coffeeâ⬠) and a highly generalized user location (e.g. the metropolitan city), the privacy-supportive LBS generates a concise representation of the variation in the 10-nearest neighbor result set as a hypothetical user moves across the large metropolitan area. Once the representation is communicated to the user, he/she can infer the geographic variability that can be introduced in her location coordinates to retrieve all or a subset of the result set. 4.3 Similarity profiler service module This profile is a representation of the similarities in the query output at different geographic locations. The exact form taken by this profile, as well as the data structures employed in computing this profile, may vary from application to application. A location perturbation engine on the user side then determines a noisy location to use based on the userââ¬â¢s privacy profile and the retrieved service-similarity profile. The LBS processes the query with respect to the noisy location. 4.4 Service-contour inferencing module The result set from the query is not simply a collection of positions, but includes additional attributes about the businesses located at those positions. This could range from names, addresses, categories, subcategories, to specifics such as value, feedback scores, and entire profiles of individuals with personal information. The ranking function is often a well-guarded business secret on how these attributes are combined. Another approach is to send a set of similarity matrices to the user, one each corresponding to a specific co-ordinate in the grid. The approach requires the computation and transfer of an inordinate amount of information. 5. Other Nonfunctional Requirements 5.1 Performance Requirements The requirements in this section provide a detailed specification of the user interaction with the web application software and measurements placed on the system performance. The system on which this client application runs should have installed .NET framework 2. The following software(s) must be installed for smooth implementation of the project. Visual Studio 2012 IIS Web Server/Service SQL Server database Browser application such as Internet Explorer / Mozilla / Google Chrome Windows Mobile Emulator Windows operating system with wired or wireless internet connection 5.2 Safety Requirements All care should be taken to ensure that at any point there is no compromise on the safety requirement during the process of building/executing this project. At this time, there is none that needs serious consideration. 5.3 Security Requirements Database should be password-protected. The system should allow access to users only with a login credentials. Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16501695489152827650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5794448838060689857.post-73567638128186390952020-01-18T09:56:00.001-08:002020-01-18T09:56:03.859-08:00Compare and Contrast of a Two Grand Theories EssayVirginia Henderson (1897-1996) is a Nursing Grand Theorist who was often referred to as the ââ¬Å"first lady of nursing.â⬠In the article by Nicely (2011) it depicts how she developed a nursing model which is based on activities of daily living. She believed that nursing as a profession stood separately from medicine. In this article, I was able to decipher how Hendersonââ¬â¢s theory is applied to the specialized area of organ donation for transplantation. It is reflected that although organ coordinators are from different backgrounds such as: allied health professions, physiciansââ¬â¢ assistants, and paramedics, most of them are ââ¬Å"registered nurses.â⬠Nicely (2011) portrays 14 different activities that Henderson identified for patient assistance which would allow patients to return back to independence: ââ¬Å"eating and drinking, elimination of body waste, desirable posture/sleep and rest, select suitable clothing: dress and undress, avoiding dangers in the en vironment and avoid injuring others, maintaining body temperature within normal range, grooming/protecting the integument, communication with others, worship according to oneââ¬â¢s faith, play and recreation, learn and discoverâ⬠(Nicely, 2011, p.73). Hendersonââ¬â¢s activities reflect on how nurses can provide a good foundation in which they can become more proficient in their abilities to provide care for their patients. She stressed the importance for including the patientââ¬â¢s family. In her theory, Henderson states the ââ¬Å"the complexity and quality of the service is limited only by the imagination and the competence of the nurse who interprets itâ⬠(Nicely, 2011, p. 77). The article extrapolates very good points about how equally important it is for the nurse to work with the family, as well as the patient. The second article I chose by Merritt and Procter is entitled, ââ¬Å"Conceptualizing the functional role of mental health consultation liaison nurse in multi-morbidity,â⬠using Peplauââ¬â¢s theory. This article surmises the role of the mental health consultation liaison (MHCLN) and how it can be integrated to Peplauââ¬â¢s Theory of Interpersonal Relations. In the introduction of the article, it focuses on the importance of ââ¬Å"mentally illâ⬠patients being involved actively in their treatment and care planning. This article describes that ââ¬Å"it is a global consensus that mental health care should be undertakenà collaboratively, no matter where the patients live, and in the least restrictive environmentâ⬠(World Psychiatric Association, 2009, p.159). I agree with the above statement, as I work as a mental health consultant and psychiatric nurse. There is not enough being done to help the patients and their families in seeking psychiatric care and providing a continuum of care. It continues to be a ââ¬Å"stigmaâ⬠that needs to be addressed globally, so that the patients who are in utmost need of care are able to receive it. This includes medication, behavioral management, and psychotherapy by specialists in the field. Throughout my many years of practice in the mental health field, I have witnessed so much neglect instilled on the mentally ill patients. Many facilities have closed down, and in particular one research facility called the ââ¬Å"Lafayette Clinicâ⬠which was linked to Wayne State University in MI, closed due to the government not prioritizing mental health in their budget. As a result, there are more homeless residents living on the streets and not being treated for their mental illness until something hap pens. At times, people who are living on the streets become loud, argumentative, and combative, hallucinate, injure someone, or themselves before any action is taken. I firmly believe in the stand of the MHCLN in helping to decrease the stigma of mental illness, as well as reducing patientââ¬â¢s symptoms by providing a ââ¬Å"meansâ⬠for treatment. Education and research are a ââ¬Å"key sourceâ⬠, as well as funding for the above to happen. Merrittââ¬â¢s paper represents a stepping stone in my opinion to many patients that are out there suffering and being belittled by their mental illness. The use of Peplauââ¬â¢s interpersonal relations theory if placed fully into practice can help patients adjust to their mental illness, and through education they would be able to have somewhat of a grasp on their illness, the importance of taking their medications, and seeing a psychiatrist and/or psychologist on a regular basis. Once stabilized, the mental health patient can reap the benefits of engaging in a more normalized lifestyle and have a better chance of adjusting to the roles that are not always able to participate in. This paper provides good insight into Peplauââ¬â¢s interpersonal relations theory. The methodologies utilized provide patients with an avenue to work through their psychological distress, and adjustment to changes that occur as a result of their illness. More research and education is necessary to provide the interventions that areà necessary in stabilizing the patients who suffer from mental illness. The nurse is of key importance in facilitating this process with the patient and their families, as well as the psychiatrist, psychologist, social worker, recreational therapist, and mental health worker. In comparing Hendersonââ¬â¢s article to Peplauââ¬â¢s article there is some correlation as to the importance in working with families, as well as the patient who is also ââ¬Å"stressedâ⬠. In Nicelyââ¬â¢s article, the donor patient is usually deceased, or if not deceased, the nurse works with both the patient and the family. Hendersonââ¬â¢s theory allows the nurse to be patient as well as family focused. In Merrittââ¬â¢s article, it is both important for the nurse to work with the patient and family as well. In both articles, I feel that the ââ¬Å"nurseâ⬠serves as an ââ¬Å"advocateâ⬠in different ways, one from a medical perspective, and the other from a psychological perspective, however these can be intertwined as the families who lost a loved one due to ââ¬Å"brain deathâ⬠and a transplantation will occur, also need emotional support. Nurse-patient relationship encompasses many strategies throughout both articles. In Peplauââ¬â¢s psychodynamic nursing theory four phases of a nurse-patient relationship are identified: orientation, identification, exploitation, and resolution. By utilizing these phases, it will allow a nurse to better identify, respond to patientââ¬â¢s need, and build trust. Both articles stress the importance of ââ¬Å"nursesâ⬠in different types of roles, one as an ââ¬Å"organ donation coordinatorâ⬠, and the other as a ââ¬Å "mental health liaison or consultantâ⬠providing psychological and emotional support to families. References: Merritt, M. K. & Procter, N. (2010). Conceptualizing the functional role of mental health consultation-liaison nurse in multi-morbidity, using Peplauââ¬â¢s nursing theory. Contemporary Nurse 34(2). 158-166. https://lmscontent.embanet.com/MVU/NURS600/Readings/W3_Peplau.pdf Nicely, B., & DeLario, G. T. (2011). Virginia Hendersonââ¬â¢s principles and practice of nursing applied to organ donation after brain death. Progress in transplantation, 21(1), 72-77. https://lmscontent.embanet.com/MVU/NURS600/Readings/W3_Nicely2011.pdf Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16501695489152827650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5794448838060689857.post-7194295024040291572020-01-10T06:19:00.001-08:002020-01-10T06:19:03.765-08:00Immune System and Page RefEssentials of Anatomy and Physiology, 9e (Marieb) Chapter 12 The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses Short Answer Figure 12. 1 Using Figure 12. 1, identify the following: 1) A lymph capillary is indicated by letter __________. Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 404 2) A lymph node is indicated by letter __________. Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 404 3) The lymph duct is indicated by lettter __________. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 404 4) Blood capillaries are indicated by letter __________. Answer: E Diff: 2 Page Ref: 404 5) Lymphatic collecting vessels are indicated by letter __________. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 404 1 Figure 12. Using Figure 12. 2, identify the following: 6) The spleen is indicated by letter __________. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 407 7) The tonsils are indicated by letter __________. Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 407 8) The thymus gland is indicated by letter __________. Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 407 9) The Peyer's patches are indicated by letter __________. Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 407 10) The lymphoid organ that destroys worn-out blood cells is indicated by letter __________. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 407 2 11) The lymphoid tissues that trap and remove bacteria that enter the throat are indicated by letter __________.Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 407-408 Fill in the blank or provide a short answer:12) Lymph fluid and some plasma proteins originate (escape) from the _________ _. Answer: blood plasma Diff: 2 Page Ref: 403-40413) Excess accumulations of fluid, which impair the exchange of materials within the tissues, is called __________. Answer: edema Diff: 2 Page Ref: 40314) The fibrous capsule of lymph nodes contains strands called __________ that divide the node into compartments. Answer: trabeculae Diff: 3 Page Ref: 40615) Lymph exits the lymph node via the __________ vessels. Answer: efferent lymphatic Diff: 2Page Ref: 40616) The role of the __________ in the lymphatic system is to remove worn -out blood cells and return some of the products to the liver. Answer: spleen Diff: 2 Page Ref: 40717) Peyer's patches and the tonsils are part of the collection of small lymphoid tissues that p rotect the upper respiratory and digestive tracts from infection and are referred to as __________. Answer: MALT (mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue) Diff: 3 Page Ref: 40818) Harmful or disease-causing microorganisms from which nonspecific defenses protect the body are called __________. Answer: pathogens Diff: 1 Page Ref: 40919) The process by which WBCs and phagocytes migrate to an area experiencing acute inflammation is called __________. Answer: chemotaxis Diff: 3 Page Ref: 41120) The process by which neutrophils squeeze through capillary walls is called __________. Answer: diapedesis Diff: 2 Page Ref: 412 321) The binding of complement proteins to certain sugar or proteins on a foreign cell's surf ace is called __________. Answer: complement fixation Diff: 3 Page Ref: 41322) One effect of complement fixation that causes the cell membranes of foreign cells to become sticky so that they are easier to phagocytize is called __________.Answer: opsonization Diff: 3 Page Ref: 41323) C ells studded with protein molecules found on our own cells that do not trigger an immune response within us (but may within others) are called __________. Answer: self-antigens (autoantigens) Diff: 1 Page Ref: 41624) Troublesome small molecules or incomplete antigens that may mount an attack that is harmful rather than protective are called __________. Answer: haptens Diff: 3 Page Ref: 41625) When an antigen binds to B cell surface receptors, it becomes sensitized (activated) and undergoes __________. Answer: clonal selection Diff: 3 Page Ref: 41826) When B cells encounter antigens and produce antibodies against them, we exhibit __________. Answer: active immunity Diff: 2 Page Ref: 42027) Antibodies constitute an important part of blood proteins and are also referred to as __________. Answer: immunoglobulins Diff: 2 Page Ref: 42128) The five major immunoglobulin classes are __________. Answer: IgM, IgA, IdD, IgG, IgE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 42229) The binding of antibodies to specific sit es on bacterial exotoxins or viruses is called __________. Answer: neutralization Diff: 2 Page Ref: 42430) The clumping of foreign cells, a type of antigen-antibody reaction, is called __________.Answer: agglutination Diff: 2 Page Ref: 42431) Killer T cells, which kill virus-invaded body cells, are also called __________. Answer: cytotoxic T cells Diff: 3 Page Ref: 425 432) Antigens that produce abnormally vigorous immune responses whereby the immune system causes tissue damage as it fights off a perceived threat that would otherwise be harmless are called __________. Answer: allergens or hypersensitivities Diff: 2 Page Ref: 43033) Systemic (bodywide) acute allergic response caused by allergens that directly enter the blood, as with certain bee stings or spider bites, is called __________.Answer: anaphylactic shock Diff: 2 Page Ref: 43034) AIDS cripples the immune system by interfering with the activity of cells called __________. Answer: helper T cells Diff: 2 Page Ref: 43135) A tr opical disease that results when parasitic worms clog the lymphatic vessels is called __________. Answer: elephantiasis Diff: 2 Page Ref: 431Multiple Choice1) The fluid that is forced out of the capillary beds by hydrostatic and osmotic pressures and into the tissue spaces is called: A) arterial blood B) venous blood C) plasma D) interstitial fluid E) lymph Answer: E Diff: 1 Page Ref: 403-4042) Lymph flows: A) in a circular pattern within the tissues B) away from the heart only C) toward the heart only D) both toward and away from the heart E) into the capillaries Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4043) Lymph from the left arm would return to the heart through the: A) inferior vena cava B) thoracic duct C) right lymphatic duct D) left subclavian artery E) aorta Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 404; 406 54) Which one of the following is NOT a mechanism that aids lymph return: A) milking action of skeletal muscles B) pressure changes within the thorax C) the pumping action of the heart D) smooth muscle contractions within the lymphatic vessels E) presence of valves within the larger lymph vessels Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4045) Which one of the following is NOT true of lymph nodes: A) they remove foreign materials from the lymph fluid B) they have valves similar to those found in veins C) they contain lymphocytes D) they act as filters along the lymphatic vessels E) they contain macrophages Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 405-4066) Which lymphatic organ's major job is to destroy worn-out red blood cells and return some of the products to the liver: A) tonsils B) spleen C) thymus gland D) tonsils E) Peyer's patches Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 407 ) Which lymphoid tissues trap and remove bacteria entering the throat: A) axillary lymph nodes B) cervical lymph nodes C) tonsils D) Peyer's patches E) thymus gland Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 4088) Which one of the following is NOT a type of lymphoid organ: A) spleen B) thymus gland C) tonsils D) appendix E) Peyer's patches Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 407-408 69) The lymph organ that programs T cells and functions at peak levels only during youth is the: A) thymus B) spleen C) appendix D) tonsils E) Peyer's patches Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 40810) The lymph tissues found within the walls of the small intestine are called: A) tonsils B) appendix C) Peyer's patches D) thymus tissues E) intestinal nodes Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 40811) Which of these lymphoid organs is found along the left side of the abdominal cavity: A) spleen B) Peyer's patches C) thymus gland D) tonsils E) axillary lymph nodes Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 40712) Musoca-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT) includes: A) spleen B) thymus gland C) tonsils only D) tonsils and Peyer's patches E) tonsils and spleen Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 40813) The body's first line of defense against the invasion of disease -causing microorganisms is: A) phagocytes B) natural killer cells C) skin and mucous membranes D) inflammatory response E) fever Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 409 714) Compared to the nonspecific chemicals that cover body surfaces and mucous membranes, the specific body defense system is: A) faster B) slower C) the same speed D) sometimes faster and sometimes slower E) not comparable in speed Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 40915) Which one of the following is NOT one of the nonspecific body defenses: A) intact skin B) antibody production C) the inflammatory response D) fever E) natural killer cells Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 409-41516) The process by which neutrophils are squeezed through the capillary wall s during the inflammatory process is called: A) agglutination B) chemotaxis C) diapedesis D) coagulation E) antibody production Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 41217) Which one of the following is NOT one of the four most common indic ators of the inflammatory response: A) redness B) heat C) swelling D) fever E) pain Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 410-41218) The migration of phagocytes and white blood cells to an inflamed ar ea along a chemical gradient is called: A) diapedesis B) chemotaxis C) immunity D) perforins E) complement fixationAnswer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 411 819) The inflammatory process begins with release of chemicals, which do all of the following EXCEPT: A) dilate blood vessels B) attract phagocytes to the area C) stimulate release of lysozyme D) cause capillaries to become leaky E) activate pain receptors Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 411-41220) Tissues invaded by viruses, which attempt to replicate themselves by taking over cellular machinery, secrete small proteins called __________ to protect nearby cells and hinder further multiplication of the viruses. A) histamine B) interferon C) kinins D) interleukins E) pyrogens Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 413; 41521) The body's temperature-regulating ââ¬Å"thermostatâ⬠that can be reset upward in response to pyrogens is located in the: A) hypothalamus B) thalamus C) pineal gland D) cerebellum E) medulla oblongata Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 41522) Fever has the effect of doing all of the following EXCEPT: A) denaturing (scrambling) proteins B) stimulating the liver and spleen to gather up iron and zinc C) increasing metabolic rate of tissue cells D) stimulating complement fixation E) speeding up repair processes Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 41523) The study of immunity is called: A) histology B) anatomy C) pathology D) immunology E) microbiology Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 415 924) Which of the following substances is NOT typically perceived as an antigen: A) pollen grains B) bacteria C) self-antigens D) fungi E) virus particles Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 41625) Which one of the following CANNOT be said about the history of immunity: A) the ancient Greeks knew something existed within the body to protect it from infectious disease B) scientists of the 1800s discovered ââ¬Å"factorsâ⬠now called antibodies C) scientists of the 1800s demonstrated that immune serum could protect another animal from diseaseD) scient ists of the mid-1900s discovered the viral origin of AIDS E) scientists of the mid-1900s discovered that injection of serum containing antibodies did NOT always protect a recipient from disease Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 41526) Regardless of whether it matures into a B cell or a T cell, a lymphocyte that is capable of responding to a specific antigen by binding to it is said to be: A) clonal B) incompetent C) immune D) immunocompetent E) complemented Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 41627) The specific foreign substances that an individual's immune system has the ability to recognize and resist is determined by: A) individual exposure to the specific foreign substance B) individual genetic makeup C) the total number of lymphocytes present at a given time D) the total number of macrophages at a given time E) the total number of self-antigens at a given time Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 41728) Which one of the following is NOT true of macrophages: A) they are considered the ââ¬Å"big eate rsâ⬠of the immune system B) they engulf foreign particles C) they circulate continuously throughout the body D) they act as antigen presenters E) they secrete monokines Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 418 1029) B cells develop immunocompetence in the: A) thymus gland B) bone marrow C) spleen D) thyroid gland E) lymph nodes Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 41730) The specific type of acquired immunity that a fetus obtains from maternal antibodies that cross the placenta is called: A) naturally acquired active immunity B) naturally acquired passive immunity C) artificially acquired active immunity D) artificially acquired passive immunity E) artificially acquired natural immunity Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 42031) What specific type of acquired immunity do vaccines provide: A) naturally acquired active immunity B) naturally acquired passive immunity C) artificially acquired active immunity D) artificially acquired passive immunity E) naturally acquired artificial immunity Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 42032) Vaccines are NOT for: A) pneumonia B) tetanus C) measles D) snake bites E) polio Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 42033) Immune sera are used for all of the following EXCEPT: A) tuberculosis B) rabies C) snake bites D) botulism E) tetanus Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 421 1134) Which one of the following is NOT true of basic antibody structure: A) they consist of four amino acid chains B) they are linked together by disulfide bonds C) the heavy chains are identicalD) the heavy chains are about 400 amino acids long E) the light chains are often of differing lengths Answer: E Diff: 3 Page Ref: 421-42235) Which one of the following is NOT true of the constant (C) regions of antibodies: A) they are the same or nearly the same B) they form the ââ¬Å"stemâ⬠of an antibody C) they determine the specific type of antibody class formed D) they form an antigen-binding site E) they determine how an antibody class will carry out its immune role Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 4223 6) Which one of the following is NOT one of the antibody classes: A) IgA B) IgB C) IgD D) IgG E) IgE Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 42237) IgA: A) is mainly found in mucus and secretions such as tears and saliva B) is passed from mother to fetus during pregnancy C) is the most abundant antibody in blood plasma D) can fix complement E) is involved in allergies Answer: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 42338) Which one of the following is NOT a method by which antibodies inactivate antigen s: A) agglutination B) chemotaxis C) complement fixation D) neutralization E) precipitation Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 423-424 1239) The specific antibody class that has the ability to cross the placental barrier and provide immunity to the fetus is: A) IgM B) IgA C) IgD D) IgG E) IgE Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 422-42340) The process by which antibodies bind to specific sites on bacterial exotoxins (toxic chemicals secreted by bacteria) to block their harmful effects is called: A) agglutination B) chemotaxis C) co mplement fixation D) neutralization E) precipitation Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 42441) Antigen presentation is essential for the activation and clonal selection of: A) T cells B) B cells C) plasma cell D) antigen-presenting cells E) antibodies Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 42542) An isograft is a tissue graft donated by: A) an unrelated person B) a parent C) a different animal species D) the same person E) an identical twin Answer: E Diff: 2 Page Ref: 42743) Which one of the following is NOT a type of immunosuppressive therapy given after surgery to prevent rejection of a graft: A) corticosteroids B) radiation C) antiproliferative drugs D) gamma globulin E) immunosuppressive drugs Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 429 1344) With immediate hypersensitivy, the antibody class that binds to mast cells and basophils that trigger the release of histamine and other chemicals is: A) IgM B) IgA C) IgD D) IgG E) IgE Answer: E Diff: 2 Page Ref: 422-42345) Allergic contact dermatitis following skin co ntact with poison ivy would normally lead to: A) immediate hypersensitivity B) acute hypersensitivity C) delayed hypersensitivity D) anaphylactic shock E) immunodeficiency Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 43146) The relatively common autoimmune disease in which the thyroid gland produces excessive amounts of thyroxine is called: A) multiple sclerosis B) Graves' disease C) myasthenia gravis D) glomerulonephritis E) systemic lupus erythematosis Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 42947) Which one of the following is NOT an autoimmune disease: A) AIDS B) multiple sclerosisÃ'âC) Graves' disease D) type I diabetes mellitus E) rheumatoid arthritis Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 429True/False1) The flaplike minivalves of the lymph capillaries act like one -way swinging doors that allow lymph fluid to enter the lymph capillaries but not exit. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 4042) The daughter cells of B cells, called plasma cells, release antibodies. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 418 143) Lymph in the ri ght arm is returned to the heart via the right lymphatic duct. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 4044) The thymus gland, found around the trachea, programs certain lymphocytes. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 4085) The tonsils, spleen, thymus gland, and Peyer's patches are referred to as mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT). Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 4086) Natural killers are unique phagocytic defense cells that can kill cancer cells and virus infected body cells well before the immune system i s activated. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 4107) Some pathologists consider limitation of joint movement to be an additional fifth cardinal sign of inflammation. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4128) The final disposal of cell debris as inflammation subsides is performed by neutrophils. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 4129) The nonspecific defense by which complement proteins attach to sugars or proteins on the surface of foreign cells is called complement fixation. Answer: TRUE Diff : 1 Page Ref: 41310) Chemicals secreted by white blood cells and macrophages exposed to foreign substances that can increase body temperature are called pyrogens. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 41511) Fever is a systemic response triggered by pyrogens. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 41512) Like all blood cells, lymphocytes originate from hemocytoblasts contained within red bone marrow. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 41613) Macrophages arise from monoctyes formed within the bone marrow. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 418 1514) Extremely weakened pathogens that are still alive are attenuated. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 42015) Artificially acquired passive immunity is conferred when o ne receives immune serum for poisonous snake bites. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 42116) Antibodies are also referred to as immunoglobulins. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 42117) There are three major immunoglobulin classes: IgM, IgA , and IgD. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 42218) The antibody a mo ther passes to her fetus is IgM. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 422-42319) The process that occurs when antibodies clump foreign cells is called agglutination. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 42420) Memory cells are descendants of an activated B or T cell. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 42721) An antibody is a substance capable of provoking an immune response. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 41622) Tissue grafts harvested from an unrelated person are called xenografts. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 42723) Allografts are tissue grafts taken from an unrelated person. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 42724) Allergies, or hypersensitivities, are normal immune responses. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 43025) Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system loses its ability to tolerate self antigens while still recognizing and attaching foreign antigens. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 429 1626) Our immune system can be affected by severe stress. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 435 Matchi ng Match the following descriptions with the appropriate lymphoid organ or tissue:1) Located on the left side of the A) thymus gland abdominal cavity Diff: 1 Page Ref: 407 B) spleen2) Trap and remove bacteria and pathogens entering the throat Diff: 2 Page Ref: 408 C) Peyer's patches D) tonsils3) Located overlying the heart Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4084) Filters and cleanses the blood of bacteria, viruses, and other debris Diff: 2 Page Ref: 407-4085) Located in the wall of the small intestines Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4086) Located in the pharynx (throat) Diff: 1 1) B Page Ref: 408 2) D 3) A 4) B 17 5) C 6) D Match the following protective mechanism with its associated element:7) Traps microorganisms in A) nasal hairs respiratory and digestive tracts Diff: 1 Page Ref: 409 B) mucus C) acid mantle8) Inhibits growth of bacteria and fungi in female reproductive tract Diff: 1 Page Ref: 409 E) keratin ) Contains lysozyme Diff: 2 D) lacrimal secretions F) cilia Page Ref: 409 G) gastric juice10) Provides resistance against acids, alkalis, and bacterial enzymes Diff: 1 Page Ref: 40911) Filters and traps microorganisms within inhaled air Diff: 1 Page Ref: 40912) Contains concentrated hydrochloric acid and protein-digested enzymes that destroy pathogens within the stomach Diff: 1 Page Ref: 40913) Propels debris-laden mucus away from lower respiratory passages Diff: 1 7) B 13) F Page Ref: 409 8) C 9) D 10) E 18 11) A 12) G Match the following biological function with its antibody class:14) Believed to be cell surface A) IgD receptor of immunocompetent B cell Diff: 3 Page Ref: 422-423 B) IgG C) IgA15) First immunoglobulin class released to plasma by plasma cells during primary response Diff: 3 Page Ref: 422-423 D) IgM E) IgE16) Main antibody of primary and secondary responses Diff: 3 Page Ref: 422-42317) Bathes and protects mucosal surfaces from attachment of pathogens Diff: 3 Page Ref: 422-42318) Triggers the release of histamine Diff: 3 Page Ref: 422-42319) Potent agglutinating agent D iff: 3 Page Ref: 422-42320) Crosses placenta and provides passive immunity to fetus Diff: 3 14) A 20) B Page Ref: 422-423 15) D 6) B 17) C 18) E 19) DEssay1) Explain the origin and pathway of lymph. Answer: Lymph fluid arises from blood plasma that has been forced out of the capillary beds by osmotic and hydrostatic pressures. The fluid left behind is called interstitial fluid. The interstitial fluid is then picked up by lymph capillaries, after which it is called lymph. Lymph is routed up the lymphatic vessels until it is finally returned to the venous system through either the right lymphatic duct or the thoracic duct. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 403-404 192) Describe the methods the body uses to help return lymph to the heart.Answer: The return of lymph to the heart is aided by: 1. the milking action of the skeletal muscles, 2. pressure changes in the thorax during brea thing, 3. smooth muscles in the walls of the larger lymphatics contract rhythmically. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 404-4053) Describ e several of the protective chemicals produced by the skin and mucous membranes. Answer: Skin produces acid secretions that inhibit bacterial growth, and sebum contains chemicals that are toxic to bacteria. Vaginal secretions are highly acidic. The stomach mucosa secretes hydrochloric acid and protein-digesting enzymes, both of which can kill pathogens. Saliva and tears contain lysozyme, an enzyme that destroys bacteria. Mucus is a sticky mucous membrane secretion that traps microorganisms. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 4094) Identify the four most common indicators and major symptoms of an acute inflammatory response and explain their origins. Answer: The four most common indicators of the inflammatory response are redness, heat, swelling, and pain. Redness and heat are a result of dilation of blood vessels that increase blood flow to the injured area. Swelling occurs when increa sed permeability of the capillaries allows plasma to leak from the bloodstream into the tissue spaces. The excess f luid, or edema, triggers the activation of pain receptors in the area, accounting for the pain associated with an injury. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 410-4125) List and describe the cells and chemicals the body uses as its second line of defense. Answer: 1. Phagocytes, such as neutrophils or macrophages, engulf foreign particles. These cells are in nearly every body organ and confront pathoge ns that make it through the surface membrane barriers. 2. Natural killer cells, found in blood and lymph, are lymphocytes. They can lyse and kill cancer cells and virus-infected body cells. 3. The inflammatory response is a nonspecific response that occurs when body tissues are injured. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 409-4116) Describe the four major types of transplant grafts. Answer: Autografts are tissue grafts transplanted from one site to another within the same person. Isografts are tissue grafts harves ted from a genetically identical person (identical twin). Allografts are tissue grafts harvested from an unre lated person. Xenografts are tissue grafts harvested from different animal species. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 4277) Explain three current theories that attempt to explain why self-tolerance breaks down in autoimmune disorders.Answer: Inefficient lymphocyte programming is one theory that suggests self-reactive B or T cells escape to the rest of the body. Another theory is that self -proteins appear within the circulation that were not previously exposed to the immune system, thus initiating an immune response. These ââ¬Å"hiddenâ⬠antigens are found in sperm cells, the eye lens, and thyroid proteins. Another theory is that antibodies produced against fore ign antigens cross-react with self-antigens such as when streptococcal bacteria crossreact with heart antigens causing rheumatic fever. Diff: 3 Page Ref: 429 20 Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16501695489152827650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5794448838060689857.post-73823252768773358142020-01-02T02:42:00.001-08:002020-01-02T02:42:02.915-08:00American History Fighting for the Freedom of Choice Abortions being made illegal in the late 1880ââ¬â¢s created a lot of ââ¬Å"undergroundâ⬠abortion procedures. The abortions performed were not safe, they were expensive, and often timeââ¬â¢s male doctors would force women to have intimate relations with them before the procedure. In the 1950s, about a million illegal abortions a year were performed in the U.S., and over a thousand of those women died each year as a result. It wasnââ¬â¢t until the civil rights and antiwar movements in the 1960ââ¬â¢s that women began to fight more actively for their rights. One of these rights was the freedom to do as they wish with their bodies. By fighting for the freedom of choice, women were also fighting for a safe medical procedure that would abort their pregnancy with a lower death rate. Then, On January 22, 1973, the U.S. Supreme Court, stated that the ``right of privacy instituted in the Fourteenth Amendments concept of personal liberty is broad enough to include a womans decision whether or not to end her pregnancy. As you can see on the chart below, the number of legal abortions increased greatly with every passing year. After abortions became legalized, women felt more independent and safe. However, public opinions were not banned and women were meant to feel ashamed for choosing to terminate their pregnancy. Opinions were forced onto the public from religious groups and other affiliations. 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He came into office at height of the Cold War, and the one thing on people s minds was the fear of a nuclear war occurring and communism spreading. As he addressed the nation he successfully reassured Americans that they made the right choice in electing him, emphasized his determination to work for freedom and human rights Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16501695489152827650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5794448838060689857.post-32925979878156813862019-12-24T22:26:00.001-08:002019-12-24T22:26:03.040-08:00Is College Ranking Necessary - 1468 Words ââ¬Å"Is college ranking necessary?â⬠College ranking is necessary to many people due to different reasons. True as that may be, I also have a diverse opinion. It is undoubtedly true that college education is an investment; whereby the student together with their parents spent money, time and energy for four years with the intention that this ââ¬Ëintellectualââ¬â¢ investment would be profitable. 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Such a move entails payment of higher tuition fees and creation of a leeway to defunding, which leads to the admission of more private students to fill the void. This principle, according to Konczal, is against the ââ¬Ësocial good, a necessary component to equality of opportunityââ¬â¢ (1). However, subscribing to this school of thought is accepting to be a slave of the past and paying no heed to the p rinciple of dynamism that anchors the higher education system. Konczalââ¬â¢s view is disagreeable Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16501695489152827650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5794448838060689857.post-73323427727620678202019-12-16T18:55:00.001-08:002019-12-16T18:55:03.449-08:00Persuasive Essay Samples - the Conspiracy Persuasive Essay Samples - the Conspiracy Who Else Wants to Learn About Persuasive Essay Samples? Most academic essay topics usually ask you to choose a side in an argument or maybe to defend a specific side against criticism. For instance, an instructor could devote a couple of minutes discussing what makes a strong argument, and ask students to share and give feedback on one another's statements of argument for a coming essay. Also, do not forget that you'll have to supply some factual evidence for your opinion (after all, any academic paper needs to be supported by academically recognized sources), thus don't go for subjects which are purely opinionated and don't have any possibility of justification. Academic papers cannot contain any signals of plagiarism. You're predicted to discuss all the surfaces of the problems that surround the essay. Each issue should be presented impartially and individually. As soon as you inform us about all of the paper information, we'll begin trying to find an acceptable writer for your paper. For instance, you may have known of argumentative papers, and opinion papers, each of which are essentially the identical thing as a persuasive bit of work. 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Persuasive Essay Samples Fundamentals Explained You may also find a variety of discounts on our site which will help you to save some more money for future orders or anything you want to spend them on. You could also get in touch with your writer to supply some excess recommendations or request information regarding the order's progress. Somebody must pay for it as it would not be possible to provide quality educational services if students were requested to pay nothing for it. Tell our experts what kind of homework help on the internet you want to get. In place of searching for free content, you may think the potential for searchin g for samples you have to cover. Either you can search for prewritten work, or you may use a more expensive strategy, by searching for bespoke samples. If you're still on the lookout for the efficient academic writing help to come up with a well-organized five-paragraph paper, know that you might order a full writing solution online with no obstacles or risks. Needless to say, if people are entering writing competitions, then there's a good probability that they believe that standard of writing is particularly large. The Tried and True Method for Persuasive Essay Samples in Step by Step Detail Persuasive writing can be hard, particularly when you're made to face with a close-minded audience. Before outline in an assortment of unique tips that you might wish to consider, it might be worth pointing out that a persuasive paper can be known by means of a wide range of different names. A well-structured discussion essay aids the reader to follow along with the stream of thought in a simple way with no distraction. Our writers have a big expertise in composing several types of study papers on over 50 subjects. Get the Scoop on Persuasive Essay Samples Before You're Too Late Let's have a peek at its advantages and disadvantages. By way of example, agree that it isn't right to kill. It's well worth noting that not every illustration will necessarily be of the appropriate style that you want to use. You must find the most suitable resources for your essay together with patience when finding the correct inspiration to write. To choose which subject you're likely to discuss, it's crucial to see the complete collection of good persuasive speech topics from the special area of study. In high school, you're supposed to decide on the type of topic you are going to be in a position to dig into that is, you've got to remember to can come across enough info on the matter. Check it's a persuasive speech topics. Definitions of Persuasive Essay Samples Students le ad busy lives and frequently forget about a coming deadline. Not only that but they will be able to access their online courses and be able to follow the lecture through powerpoints. Every student demands help with homework from time to time. Students and teachers can buy balanced lunch and drinks aside from alcohol, that permits them to feel nice and study much better. Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16501695489152827650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5794448838060689857.post-33699407643634888882019-12-08T15:38:00.001-08:002019-12-08T15:38:03.997-08:00Channel Conflict Analysis of Schwinn free essay sample With Schwinnââ¬â¢s recent expansion into many large-scale retail stores (i. e. Wal-Mart, Toys-R-Us, Target, etc. ), they began to shift into a dual channel marketing strategy. Often times, if not handled properly, this type of approach can result in significant problems for some or all of the distribution channel partners. Fortunately for Schwinn however, they were able to make many critical decisions which ensured that each of the partnersââ¬â¢ distinct interests was narrowly aligned with their own. This proactive plan not only motivated many of their smaller independent bicycle dealers to continue carrying their products but it also allowed Schwinn to effectively reach a much larger segment of their target market. By closely analyzing this case, we can learn many valuable lessons regarding the overall importance of strong channel management. Product differentiation was one of the primary ways that Schwinn managed to avoid channel conflict. Schwinn segmented the market and delivered to the different segments of the market through different channels. We will write a custom essay sample on Channel Conflict Analysis of Schwinn or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The product line delivered through the mass market channel consisted of completely different bicycles than those found at the independent bicycle dealers. This segmentation reduced the likelihood of conflict between the two channels, since the two product lines were targeted at segments with little to no crossover. Additionally, Schwinn introduced products like the Sting Ray which had nostalgic appeal and stretched beyond the traditional customer base of the independent bicycle dealers. These types of bicycles provided them with a unique product and furthermore a healthy margin to bolster profits. By maintaining distinct product lines for their two channels, Schwinn was able to minimize multi-channel conflict. The key to motivating channel members is to provide value and benefits to each partner in order to align interests and thus achieve the ultimate goal: satisfy the customerââ¬â¢s needs. Schwinn used both push and pull strategies effectively. By offering a relatively higher margin level than other high-end manufacturers catering to independent bicycle dealers, they were able to restore the confidence and interest of their long term retailers in spite of going for a dual channel strategy. Moreover, as mentioned in the article, unlike most companies in the industry, there was no complicated loyalty formula required to get the best prices from Schwinn. In addition, Schwinn did not require specific pre-order sales in order to carry their products. Instead, suppliers were granted flexible purchasing options so they did not have to unnecessarily stock inventories during their off-seasons (i. e. winter months in cold climates). This push strategy not only reduced the administrative cost of the retailers, but also improved the inventory turnover and ultimately the retailersââ¬â¢ bottom line. Conversely, Schwinn was also able to simultaneously create a pull strategy after they utilized the extensive media exposure of products, such as the Sting Ray, to increase the brand recognition among customers thus drawing them to the independent bicycle dealers. In addition to this, the specialty storeowners found significant profits lying in the repairing of these bikes and selling of parts/accessories. This proved to be a great factor for specialty bike owners to remain in business while selling Schwinn. They had a clear edge over other big retailers like Wal-Mart who did not provide any after sales service to its customers. Because they were making money by servicing the bikes sold at the mass market stores, the independent bicycle dealers were more tolerant of losing some sales on the edge of their segment to Wal-Mart, Target, Toys-R-Us, etc. Schwinn has done a good job of heading off any channel conflict by keeping the incentives aligned for its two main distribution channels. By expanding its product line into major retailers, the company has been able to target a new segment of casual bike riders. With Schwinnââ¬â¢s new line of entry-level bikes, big-box stores can satisfy the needs of casual bike riders by offering a large selection of affordable bikes at convenient locations. Meanwhile, Schwinn still provides a number of incentives to local bike shops, which form the companyââ¬â¢s other main distribution channel. These shops still profit from service and repair, which large retailers do not offer. Additionally, some of Schwinnââ¬â¢s higher-end models are exclusively available in bike shops. Finally, Schwinn is flexible with its inventory requirements and offers good margins. By offering different incentives to each of its distribution channels, Schwinn has been able to target more customers while also keeping its retailers happy. Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16501695489152827650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5794448838060689857.post-63125932283380399082019-12-01T03:20:00.001-08:002019-12-01T03:20:04.757-08:00Jean De La Fontaine Essays - La Fontaines Fables, Aesops Fables Jean de La Fontaine "Le Ch?ne Et Le Roseau," a poem by Jean de La Fontaine, shows the contrast of the characters while moralizing about hidden strengths that are often overlooked or belittled. In this poem, the oak is personified as having a stubborn sense of strength, while the humble reed is represented as possessing the qualities of endurance, flexibility, and hidden strength. Fontaine teaches the reader his lesson through the use of nature by having the oak and the reed converse about their strengths. In the end the reed proves his point when the north wind uproots the oak, leaving it to die. The theme of "Le Ch?ne Et Le Roseau" is a universal one, easily recognized and understood by all. The poem's central idea is that strength is not necessarily size and power, but in adaptability, endurance, and flexibility. Fontaine illustrates the theme well in these lines: "L'arbre tient bon; le roseau plie. Le vent redouble ses efforts, et fait si bien qu'il d?racine celui..." The poet further develops the theme with a moral which implies that humility is more important than pride. Fontaine places most emphasis on idea to help develop this moral. In the end, the pompous oak's strength is his weakness, while the humble reed's suppleness is his fortitude. Jean de La Fontaine develops well the poem's mood, one of pity, compassion, and respect, through sensory images and descriptions of the characters. These lines: "Un roitelet pour vous est un pesant fardeau; " and "Le moindre vent qui d'aventure fait rider la face de l'eau, vous oblige ? baisser la t?te; ", as well as "La nature vous me semble bien injuste." illustrate the sentimental atmosphere of pity that the reader feels for the reed's struggle against relatively small difficulties. Although Fontaine succeeds in creating this sympathetic mood, this line: "Vous avez bien sujet d'accuser la nature; " detracts from the intended mood because one does not feel sorry for someone that accuses and complains. Jean de La Fontaine uses examples of personification, imagery, similes, allusions, and symbolism to create a deeper meaning of the poem and to the emphasize the theme. "Le ch?ne un jour dit au roseau:" is an example of personification that Fontaine uses throughout the poem. He personifies the oak and the reed as humans having a conversation. These lines: "Le moindre vent qui d'aventure fait rider la face de l'eau, vous oblige ? baisser la t?te; " show imagery and personification. The image that Fontaine creates, the rippling of the water, is one that the reader can visualize, while the lowering of the head represents a person bowing his head. This line: "Cependant que mon front, au Caucase pareil," contains a simile and an allusion. The simile is the comparison of the forehead to the Caucasus Mountains, while the allusion is the Greek mythology's Caucasus Mountains, which represent strength, fortitude, and perhaps danger. "Des royaumes du vent" is an allusion to the kingdom of the Greek wind god Aeolus who usually stirred up strong winds. "L'empire des morts" is also an allusion to the kingdom of Hades, which was the Greek underworld, representing the death of the oak. This poem expresses irony when the reed is troubled by simple burdens, but the reed is able to withstand difficult predicaments. The oak is symbolized as power, pride, and a false sense of strength, while the reed represents endurance, flexibility, and strength from within. Moreover, the wind is pictured as hardships, challenges, and tests. Fontaine uses logical sequence in developing the characters of the oak and the reed. At first, the reader only sees them as trees, but he soon learns through the oak that the reed appears weak and defenseless, and that the strong oak wishes to shelter and protect the reed. The reader next learns that the reed is confident and not afraid of impending dangers, because he bends and does not break. Then the terrible winds come and uproot the oak, while the small reed survives. Thus, the reader understands that size is not as important as flexibility. Fontaine writes "Le Ch?ne Et Le Roseau" as a narrative, didactic, and descriptive poem with an irregular number of syllables. It is narrative and didactic because he teaches a moral and tells a story through the use of nature with which he is intimately acquainted. The poem's descriptive words vividly contrast the reed and the oak. The narrative aspect of the poem has realistic dialogue which advances the plot and the traits of the characters. Fontaine's style of simplicity contributes to the Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16501695489152827650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5794448838060689857.post-47404947287562667922019-11-26T11:53:00.001-08:002019-11-26T11:53:05.920-08:00Endocrine System Case Study EssaysEndocrine System Case Study Essays Endocrine System Case Study Essay Endocrine System Case Study Essay Case Study 1. A 30-year-old woman has been trying to get pregnant for a year now. Sheââ¬â¢s always had irregular menstrual periods, but just recently her breasts starting secreting milk and she noticed that her sex drive was diminishing. She became so excited that she immediately took a pregnancy test, but the result was negative. She went to visit her doctor the following day to have her blood taken to confirm whether she managed to get a false negative on her pregnancy test. After her examination, it was determined that she definitely was not pregnant, but during her appointment, she also realized that she has had persistent headaches and fatigue for many months. 1. What is the most likely diagnosis for this patient? (1 mark) A possible diagnosis for this patient could be Hyperprolactinemia. 2. What hormone is creating havoc within this patientââ¬â¢s body? Explain how this hormone affects milk production in her breast. In a regular pregnancy, what stops milk from being ejected from the breast prematurely? 3 marks) The hormone prolactin is responsible for the patientââ¬â¢s symptoms. Prolactin stimulates the development of mammary gland tissue and milk production (lactogensis). During infant feeding, the never ending in the nipples becomes stimulated causing the release of prolactin-secreting hormones by the hypothalamus. This spinal reflex (neuroendocrine reflex) stimulates the production of prolactin. Before a woman gives birth the prolactin is inh ibited by the neurotransmitter dopamine. Additionally, the hormone progesterone inhibits milk secretion in the breasts. However, after delivery, progesterone levels drop and trigger Lactogenesis II. 3. Name 2 medical procedures that would confirm your diagnosis. Indicate what each of these tests will show to confirm your diagnosis. (4 marks) 4. Briefly describe 2 specific treatment options and state the possible side effects of these treatments. (4 marks) Case Study # 2 With summer approaching, a 38 year old man wanted to start exercising as he was starting to suddenly gain weight in his abdominal area and lose muscle mass in his arms and legs. He has always been a fit man, but lately with the huge stress of his work obligations over the past year, he has not focused on his health as much as he would like to. With the weight gain around his abdominal area, he also noticed that his skin was thinner and that he was starting to get stretch marks as well. While working out vigorously with weights, he even managed to fracture his right second metatarsal. He is currently taking no meds. When he visited his doctor a week later, his blood work revealed high blood sugar levels and normal blood ACTH levels. A CT scan revealed that his left adrenal gland was unusually larger than his right. 1. What pituitary hormone would you expect to be secreted in large amounts in his blood? How would you support your conclusion? (3 marks) I would expect cortisol to be secreted in large amounts in the manââ¬â¢s blood. Cortisol is a pituitary hormone secreted by the adrenal glands. During elevated stress, cortisol is released in a personââ¬â¢s body. Small increases of cortisol can be beneficial, but constant stress causes increased cortisol levels. Cortisol can counteract the bodyââ¬â¢s insulin, which is used to maintain blood sugar levels. With this interference, the manââ¬â¢s blood sugar becomes imbalanced, explaining his blood test. Increased cortisol also causes higher blood pressure as the vasculature becomes more sensitive to epinephrine and norepinephrine. (Wikipedia) Additionally, the omentum, which is located in the abdomen, takes in the excess cortisol and cause it store more fat. ( Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16501695489152827650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5794448838060689857.post-80907782594760114332019-11-22T19:16:00.001-08:002019-11-22T19:16:03.193-08:00Why Noon is no longer the Ninth HourWhy Noon is no longer the Ninth Hour Why ââ¬Å"Noonâ⬠is no longer the ââ¬Å"Ninth Hourâ⬠Why ââ¬Å"Noonâ⬠is no longer the ââ¬Å"Ninth Hourâ⬠By Maeve Maddox In current usage, the English word noon refers to midday, the time when the sun reaches the meridian. Look into the etymology of the word noon, and you will find that it comes from the Latin word for the number nine. So why does our word for the time when both hands of the clock are on the twelve come from a word for nine? Like the word noon itself, the original time-related meaning goes back to the Romans. They counted the hours of the day from sunrise. The ââ¬Å"ninth hourâ⬠(nona hora) was about 3 p.m. our time. Christians adopted Jewish customs of praying at certain hours. When Christian monastic orders were formed, a daily timetable was drawn up centered on hours for prayer. According to the earliest schedules, the monks were required to pray at three-hour intervals: 6-9 p.m., 9 p.m.-midnight, midnight-3 a.m., and 3 a.m.-6 a.m. The prayers to be said at specified times during the day are known as the Divine Office and the times at which they are to be recited are the canonical hours: Vigils: night Matins: dawn Lauds: dawn Prime: 6 a.m. ââ¬Å"first hourâ⬠Terce: 9 a.m. ââ¬Å"third hourâ⬠Sext: noon ââ¬Å"sixth hourâ⬠None: 3 p.m. ââ¬Å"ninth hourâ⬠Vespers: sunset Compline: before bed Vigils was also known as the ââ¬Å"Night Office.â⬠Matins and Lauds originally referred to the prayers sung at dawn. In time, the Night Office came to be called Matins. The shift in the meaning of noon from ââ¬Å"3 p.m.â⬠to 12 noonâ⬠began in the 12th century when the prayers said at the ââ¬Å"ninth hourâ⬠were set back to the ââ¬Å"sixth hour.â⬠By the year 1140, the Old English word non had taken on the meaning of ââ¬Å"middayâ⬠or ââ¬Å"midday meal.â⬠Like our words September, October, November, and December, noon is a fossil word that embeds customs of former ages. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:4 Types of Gerunds and Gerund Phrases8 Proofreading Tips And TechniquesSupervise vs. Monitor Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16501695489152827650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5794448838060689857.post-65061412309811041572019-11-21T02:12:00.001-08:002019-11-21T02:12:09.475-08:00PROJECT MANAGEMENT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 wordsPROJECT MANAGEMENT - Assignment Example The goal is to present this information in the ten minute time allotted. Benefits and methods of the proposed project are to improve on-line fire prevention information for businesses. In order to complete that task there are preliminary document checklists that should be completed in order to ensure that the project management proposal is accepted and utilized for the target deadline date. The Learning Outcomes in this Assignment prepared us to present a Project Initiation Document Checklist which describes 1. What is the project all about? 2. Why should this project go ahead? 3. Who will work on the project? 4. How and when will the project be delivered? ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 1. Choose type of leadership 2. Use practical project management 3. Understand your responsibilities as a leader for the group are 4. Understand your responsibilities as a manager for each individual are 5. Implement the Project Initiation Document Checklist 6. Team is ready to proceed with Project Management Ta sk Transformationalà Leadership What Is Transformational Leadership? Transformational leadership is a type of leadership style that leads to positive changes in those who follow. Transformational leaders are generally energetic, enthusiastic and passionate. Not only are these leaders concerned and involved in the process; they are also focused on helping every member of the group succeed as well. Leading and Developing Others Personal Qualities Leading the Organization Showing genuine concern Being honest and consistent Networking and achieving Enabling Acting with integrity Focuses effort Being accessible Being decisive Building shared vision Encouraging change Inspiring others Supporting a developmental culture Resolving complex problems Facilitating change sensitively Practical Project Management: The most important thing to know about project management is that first and foremost itââ¬â¢s a way of thinking about projects 1. Focus on the objective ââ¬â A written statemen t of a project designed to achieve one or more goals 2. Starting to Plan ââ¬â work through the planning process, uncover questions, problems and issues 3. Laying out the project ââ¬â gather task data and prepare a rough sequence process 4. Analyzing Your Tasks ââ¬â sequence first analyze tasks second and integrate the two steps 5. Managing Time and Cost ââ¬â By Utilizing the PERT The Program Evaluation and Review Technique 6. How to Make and Use a Gantt Chart ââ¬â Donââ¬â¢t reinvent the wheel save time use templates 7. Using PERT and CPM Charts ââ¬â Critical Path Method to determine time, budget, and performance 8. Budgeting for Projects ââ¬â determine fixed, variable costs, equipment, rentals, outside contracts 9. Managing the Project ââ¬â committed teamwork, SMART Goals, communication 10. Monitor and Adjust ââ¬â Utilize a project control chart to tract progress of time budget & data 11. How to wrap up the project - Determine the three Estimat es: Historical Data, Research, and Publish Data & Scenarios. Source: Practical Project Management (Dobson 1996) Project Initiation Document Checklist PID Item Check When Complete Section 1: What is the project all about? à Project title à Background à Purpose à Objectives (and how they will be measured) à Project scope à Exclusions from scope à Deliverables (including dates of completion) à Constraints à Assumptions à Section 2:Why should this project go ahead? Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16501695489152827650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5794448838060689857.post-20029092187301181142019-11-19T10:45:00.001-08:002019-11-19T10:45:04.094-08:00Nestl Is The Most Successful Organization EssayNestl Is The Most Successful Organization - Essay Example Nestle boasts of manufacturing more than 10,000 different products and sells over a billion products daily. Despite the number of countries wherein Nestle operates globally, their awareness of the importance of integrating local culture in each host countryââ¬â¢s operations contributes to their success. They averred that ââ¬Å"there is no one single product for everyone - our products are tailored to suit tastes and habits wherever you areâ⬠. The companyââ¬â¢s focus and the emphasis are strategically manifested in four words: ââ¬Å"Good Food, Good Lifeâ⬠. In order to sustain the organizationââ¬â¢s capability to ensure that their products remain to give maximum nutritional benefits, their Research and Development (R & D) are allocated approximately CHF 1.5 billion annually to continually innovate and renovate existing products. Nestle has instituted a unique program which combines financial success with corporate social responsibility. The company coined the progr am ââ¬Å"Creating Shared Valueâ⬠to encompass the following: ââ¬Å"using our core business strategies and operations to create value for shareholders; serving consumers and the public by offering them nutritious products that are both enjoyable and contribute to their health and well-being; and seeking to improve the economic and social conditions for people and communities across our entire value chain ââ¬â for farmers who supply us raw ingredients, for communities where our factories are located, for suppliers who work with us and for our trade partnersâ⬠Nestle: Creating Shared Value, 2010, par. 4) Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16501695489152827650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5794448838060689857.post-31700581126660736672019-11-16T23:16:00.001-08:002019-11-16T23:16:06.920-08:00Reconstitution of a Partnership Essay Example for Free Reconstitution of a Partnership Essay Partnership is the relation between persons who have agreed to share the profits of the business carried on by all or any of them acting for all. An essential element of partnership is to have an agreement and wherever a change takes place in this relationship it results in reconstitution of the partnership firm. Reconstitution of the firm may happen under any of the following circumstances and as a result there will be a change in the profit sharing ratio: 1) Change in the profit sharing ratio amongst the existing partners; 2) Admission of a new partner; 3) Retirement of an existing partner; 4) Death of a partner and 5) Amalgamation of two partnership firms Change in the profit sharing ratio of existing partners: The partners of a firm may decide to change their profit sharing ratio and in such eventuality, the gaining partner (i. e. the partner whose share has been reduced) unless otherwise agreed should be paid some compensation and the compensation is the value of goodwill represented by the gain because the change in profit sharing ratio means that one partner is purchasing from another partner of the profits. For example; James and Jones, two partners of a firm are sharing the profits of the firm in the ratio of 3:1 and if it is decided that in future both will be equal partners, it means that James is selling to Jones à ¼ th (3/4-1/2) share of profits. Therefore, Johns will pay to James an amount equal to one fourth of the total value of goodwill. In concrete terms, suppose, the profit is $20000 previously James would get $15000 and Jones would get $5000. After the change in the profit sharing ratio, each would get $10000. James, therefore, loses annually $5000 and Jones gains $5000. If the goodwill is valued at $40000, Jones must pay James one fourth of $40000 namely $10000. This adjustment is usually made by passing an adjustment entry. In this case, Johns capital account will be debited and James capital account will be credited with $10000. In addition to the adjustments for goodwill, the change in profit sharing ratio also requires the adjustment of profit/loss on revaluation of assets and reassessment of liabilities, accumulated reserves and profit (or loss) etc. Sacrificing ratio and gaining ratio: Change in the profit sharing ratio of existing partners will necessarily mean that one or more partners are surrendering a part of their share in the profits in favor of one or more other partners. A part of share being so surrendered is termed as sacrificing ratio while the share gained by each partner is termed as gaining ratio. Sacrificing ratio is computed by deducting the new ratio from the old ratio. Gaining ratio is computed by deducting the old ratio from the new ratio. References: http://classof1.com/homework-help/accounting-homework-help/ Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16501695489152827650noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5794448838060689857.post-76505233145702074552019-11-14T11:47:00.001-08:002019-11-14T11:47:04.449-08:00Atmosphere of Terror and Suspense in Gothic Literature Essay -- essays 1764 saw the birth of Gothic literature with the novel 'The Castle of Otranto', written by Horace Walpole. Although, this novel was based on some much earlier literature it set the standard for all the gothic novels that followed. The 18th century was a time when political power was in the hands of a few rich men. Women did not have the vote, let alone any legal rights. The majority of the population lived in poverty. However things were changing ? the Church was no longer as powerful and the social structure was being questioned. For example, in 1789 the French monarchy was overthrown by the masses starting the French revolution. People were no longer so willing to accept their ?lot in life?. It was in this background that the genre of Gothic literature was first written. It was called gothic because it placed emphasis on emotions such as awe, terror, insignificance and vulnerability. Gothic novels were fascinated with the grotesque, horrible and supernatural. They were a reaction against realistic literature of the 18th century. Some saw it as a sub-genre of romantics but others argued it was a genre in its own right. Whatever its genre, gothic novels were typically characterized by their romanticism, melodrama and dark foreboding settings. They were critical of the society of the day and fiercely anti- catholic, disliking the church?s power and brutality. Some of the main gothic writers of the time included Edgar Alan Poe, Charles Dickens, H.G.Wells, Charlotte and Emily Bronte. By the end of the19th century Mary Shelley?s famous novel of Frankenstein had been published and later on Bram Stoker?s Dracula. Of all the stories written in the gothic era, they all contain many of the typical gothic ... ...ation and descriptive language. Also, with The Tell Tale Heart the tension and suspense has great effect, making the reader wanting to read on. The building of suspense through specific language and literary devices is so firm and efficient that ?The Tell-Tale Heart? has become one of the most famous Gothic short stories in English literature. Poe?s choice of words is known to be precise and concise, and so is his writing style: no devices are used without having certain effects. The Cask of Amontillado is the least representative of the genre because it does not contain so many gothic features and the narrator has a reason for killing: revenge. I believe gothic literature has remained so popular because people like to be thrilled by horror and ghost stories and the central themes never age. The reader can empathise with the story without having to believe it. Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16501695489152827650noreply@blogger.com0